Satsuma Rebellion Battle of Shiroyama, 1877

Conflict: The Battle of Shiroyama was the final engagement of the Satsuma Rebellion (1877) between the samurai and the Imperial Japanese Army. Battle of Shiroyama Date: The samurai were defeated by the Imperial Army on September 24, 1877. Armies Commanders at the Battle of Shiroyama: Samurai Saigo Takamori350-400 men Imperial Army General Yamagata Aritomo30,000 men Battle of Shiroyama Summary: Having risen up against the repression of the traditional samurai lifestyle and social structure, the samurai of Satsuma fought a series of battles on the Japanese island of Kyushu in 1877. Led by Saigo Takamori, a former highly respected field marshal in the Imperial Army, the rebels initially besieged Kumamoto Castle in February. With the arrival of Imperial reinforcements, Saigo was forced to retreat and suffered a series of minor defeats. While he was able to keep his force intact, the engagements reduced his army to 3,000 men. In late August, Imperial forces led by General Yamagata Aritomo surrounded the rebels on Mount Enodake. While many of Saigos men desired to make a final stand on the mountains slopes, their commander wished to continue their retreat back towards their base at Kagoshima. Slipping through the fog, they managed to elude Imperial troops and escaped. Reduced a mere 400 men, Saigo arrived in Kagoshima on September 1. Obtaining what supplies they could find, the rebels occupied the hill of Shiroyama outside of the city. Arriving in the city, Yamagata was concerned that Saigo would once again slip away. Surrounding Shiroyama, he ordered his men to construct an elaborate system of trenches and earthworks to prevent the rebels escape. Orders were also issued that when the assault came, units were not to move to each others support if one retreated. Instead, neighboring units were to fire into the area indiscriminately to keep the rebels from breaking through, even if it meant hitting other Imperial forces. On September 23, two of Saigos officers approached the Imperial lines under a flag of truce with the goal of negotiating a way to save their leader. Rebuffed, they were sent back with a letter from Yamagata imploring the rebels to surrender. Forbidden by honor to surrender, Saigo spent the night in a sake party with his officers. After midnight, Yamagatas artillery opened fire and was supported by warships in the harbor. Reducing the rebels position, the Imperial troops attacked around 3:00 AM. Charging the Imperial lines, the samurai closed and engaged the government conscripts with their swords. By 6:00 AM, only 40 of the rebels remained alive. Wounded in the thigh and stomach, Saigo had his friend Beppu Shinsuke carry him to a quiet spot where he committed seppuku. With their leader dead, Beppu led the remaining samurai in a suicidal charge against the enemy. Surging forward, they were cut down by Yamagatas Gatling guns. Aftermath: The Battle of Shiroyama cost the rebels their entire force including the renowned Saigo Takamori. Imperial losses are not known. The defeat at Shiroyama ended the Satsuma Rebellion and broke the back of the samurai class. Modern weapons proved their superiority and the path was set for the building of a modern, Westernized Japanese army that included from people of all classes. Selected Sources Satsuma Rebellion OverviewHistory of the Samurai

Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human...

‘Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences (Derrida, 1978: 278 Ââ€"293) may be read as the document of an event, although Derrida actually commences the essay with a reservation regarding the word event, as it entails a meaning which it is precisely the function of structural Ââ€" or structuralist Ââ€" thought to reduce or suspect (278). This, I infer, refers to the emphasis within structuralist discourse on the synchronous analysis of systems and relations within them, as opposed to a diachronic schemata occupied with uncovering genetic and teleological content in the transformations of history. br brThe event which the essay documents is that of a definitive epistemological break with structuralist thought, of the†¦show more content†¦The guiding thread Derrida chooses is Levi-Strauss opposition between nature and culture. (I am in parts paraphrasing elements from page 282 Ââ€" 287). Derrida writes that Levi-Strauss encounters a scandal, which is the incest prohibition (283). The scandal is in that the prohibition is simultaneously universal and thus natural, while also at the same time as a system of norms and interdicts (283): it is cultural. The contradiction encountered by Levi-Strauss is that the difference established in the nature/culture binary opposition is erased or at least questioned. Due to this erasure of difference the origin of this prohibition becomes unthinkable as the whole of philosophical conceptualisationÂ…is designedÂ… (283/284) to leave the possibility of the conceptualisation unthinkable, that is, the meaning of the construction of mean ing, difference having been erased, becomes itself impossible to bring to account. br brLevi-Strauss, by way of this realization, is forced to move from metaphysics to metacommentary (cf. Jameson, 1988) because even though he

John Wyrndham the author of The Chrysalids as an extraordinary writer Essay Example For Students

John Wyrndham the author of The Chrysalids as an extraordinary writer Essay John Wyrndham the author of The Chrysalids is an extraordinary writer who has created this book in the state of two totally different worlds. Wyrndham has based this book on the different views toward blasphemies and how the characters all have a different approach on the subject. The three greatest ranges in different reactions to Blasphemes would come from the characters: Joseph Strorm, Aunt Harriet, and Sophie Wender. Joseph Strorm is the character in the novel that has the greatest disliking toward Blasphemies. Joseph is the father of David Strorm. He is a strong believer in God and his life is based around his religion: The Norm is the Image of God. p. 27 In the book the reader gets the idea that Joseph is not a very good father and is very strict: Ill deal with this. The boys is lying. Go to your room. p. 51 He is a cruel and inhumane person to anyone who has or is involved with a deviation. The reader would see this attitude when Aunt Harriet visits the Strorms and brings her deviant child with her: Send her away. Tell her to leave the house and take that with her. p. 71 Joseph did not show any sympathy at all toward his own sister in law. Aunt Harriet is the sister of Davids mother Mrs. Strorm. She enters the story half way through the book, where she goes to Mrs. Strorm seeking help. Yet the help she is looking for is not something Mrs. Strorm agrees with: Nothing much! You have the effrontery to bring your monster into my house, and tell me its nothing much! p. 70 Aunt Harriet is very loving, strong, and she fights for what she thinks is the right thing: I shall pray God to send into this hideous world, and sympathy for the weak, and love for the unhappy and unfortunate. p. 3 Aunt Harriet is also the proof of what happens to people who have a deviation or are trying to protect someone with a deviation: Aunt Harriets body has been found in a river, no one mentioned a babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. p. 74 She is a very will hearted woman who is one of the very few people in this time that has the will to speak her mind. Sophie Wender is also another female fighter in this book. David and Sophie are close childhood friends when she is separated from the community because she has a sixth toe. Yet David and Sophie meet again in the Fringes about ten years later. David is one of the few protectors of Sophies secret of her deviation: Will you keep a secret an important secret for her sake? p. 12 Sophie reminds me of Aunt Harriet a lot with he ways they look at their problems. They both face their problems for what they are: I was still staring at it when she flung her arms around my neck and kissed me, with more determination than judgment. p. 49 When Sophie and David meet up again it is under the circumstances that David was the one being hunted as a blasphemy. Now Sophie is hiding Davids secrets and has become Davids protector: Theyll never think of looking for you here, why should they? p. 176 Sophie ends up dying in a battle against the search party that was after David. The Chrysalids is a book that has such a range in different emotions toward different people. Wyndham is showing the issues of discrimination and makes you feel what it is like. Joseph, Aunt Harriet, and Sophie all have a different part in the issue of discrimination. Yet all three ended up dead in the end and that just proves why discrimination is so pointless.

Authur Miller Essay Example For Students

Authur Miller Essay With the Death of a Salesman during the winter of 1949 on Broadway, Arthur Miller began to live as a playwright who has since been called one of this centurys three great American dramatists. He has also written other powerful, often mind-altering plays: The Crucible, A View from the Bridge, A Memory of Two Mondays, After the Fall, Incident at Vichy, and The Price. And who could forget the film The Misfits and the dramatic special Playing for Time. Death of a Salesman was not Arthur Millers first success on Broadway. Two years before, when All My Sons opened at the Coronet Theater, Brooks Atkinson of the New York Times wrote: The theater has acquired a genuine new talent. The play also won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award and the Donaldson Award (voted upon by Billboard subscribers). Since the debut of All My Sons he has noted: The success of a play, especially ones first success, is somewhat like pushing against a door which is suddenly opened that was always securely shut until then. For myself, the experience was invigorating. It suddenly seemed that the audience was a mass of blood relations, and I sensed a warmth in the world that had not been there before. It made it possible to dream of daring more and risking more. He did however push the limits when he released his controversial piece Death of a Salesman. And, he gained even more acclaim. Soon he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. He was quickly catapulted into the realm of the great, living, American playwrights; and once was compared to Ibsen and the Greek tragedians. After his graduation from Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn, young Miller worked as a stock clerk in an automobile parts warehouse for two and a half years until he had enough money to pay for his first year at the University of Michigan. He finished college with the financial aid of the National Youth Administration supplemented by his salary as night editor on the Michigan Daily newspaper. Before his graduation with a BA degree in 1938, he had written a number of plays, winning a $500 Avery Hopwood Award in 1936 and a $1,200 Theater Guild National Award in 1938 for an effort entitled The Grass Still Grows. Then, having returned to New York in 1938, he joined the Federal Theater Project. But, before his first play had been produced, the Project ended. Dismayed and setback, he went to work in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Here he wrote radio scripts that were later heard in the Columbia Workshop and on the Calvacade of America. He also wrote two books during this period: Situation Normal (1944) and Focus, two novels about anti-Semitism (1945). He had not, however, given up playwriting. In November of 1944, his play, The Man Who Had All the Luck opened on Broadway. Unfortunately it became much less of a success than he had hoped. Its unfavorable reception disheartened Miller, and he decided he would write one more play. If that were not successful, he would give up. Thats when in 1947 he wrote All My Sons, his first real success, which established him as a significant American playwright. Soon after he wrote The Crucible in 1953, which became a Broadway hit, and won a Tony Award. This thrilling retelling of the witch trials and hangings in Salem, Massachusetts (1962) riveted audiences. But it reflected a more ready issue, the quot;McCarthy eraquot; of his time. The autobiographical tone of After the Fall in 1964 also evoked controversy as well as praise. And it was through knowledge of the Brooklyn waterfront that he was able to form his characters in A View from the Bridge in 1955. .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d , .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .postImageUrl , .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d , .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d:hover , .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d:visited , .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d:active { border:0!important; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d:active , .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub70e31f9492eef97aea7bb88b219ab9d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Atomic Bomb 2 Essay More of his native city came through later when he wrote in The Price, about a New York policeman (1968). Millers later works include The Creation of the Word and Other Business (1972) and The American Clock (1980). , In 1980 Miller won four Emmy Awards following the television debut of Playing for Time, the true-life dramatic special about the experiences of an all-woman orchestra in a Nazi concentration camp. The show itself received the Emmy for an Outstanding Drama Special, and Miller received one for Outstanding Writing. Vanessa Redgrave won as Outstanding Actress, and Jane Alexander, as Outstanding Supporting Actress. In addition to his novels, Miller has written two books of reportage: In Russia and Chinese Encounters, both accompanied by photographs by his wife Inge Morath, a professional photographer. His book Salesman in Beijing is based on his experience in China where he directed Death of a Salesman. Then, in 1987, Miller published his autobiography Timebends: A Life, in which he recalls his childhood in Brooklyn, the political turmoil of the 1950s, and the later half of the century. Miller continues to write, winning the 1995 Oliver for his most recent play Broken Glass.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the Workplace

Abstract Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis are some of the most pronounced workplace injuries that limit the efficiency of workers. This paper offers a consummate discourse regarding the concept of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It addresses the prevalence of the conditions at the workplace and their management as a way of enhancing efficiency at the workplace. The paper finds that the disastrous effects of the two injuries can be greatly reduced through application of ergonomic principles. Introduction Achieving Workplace Efficiency through the Practice of Ergonomics Effectiveness of the human resource in an organization is a factor of the organizational success. Healthy personnel in an organization contribute immensely to the success of an organiz ation. Moreover, health of the employees is a subset of the work conditions of the workers. Health defines the quality and the quantity of the work input by the workers. In this regard, an organization’s primary obligation is to institute measures of ensuring workers are at their optimal health. Therefore, principles of ergonomics in the workplace should be invariably observed (Konz, 2011). Literature Review Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome hinders the efficiency at the workplace. The condition affects the palm area of the hand leading to numbness. The defect impairs the coordination of the muscle movement in the palm of the hand thereby causing intense pain. Because of the vitiated coordination in the palm region, grasping of objects becomes a grueling affair. Poor muscle coordination also leads to impaired movement of the hands. The fact that the hand achieves 99% of the workplace chores makes the condition a severe affair that must be controlled (Karwowski Sa lvendy, 2011). Epicondylitis Rigorous tasks can render elbows redundant. In addition, overuse of an elbow leads to the development of pain in the human elbow. The tendons and muscles that join the forearm from the exterior parts of the hand may get inflamed because of uncontrolled movement, and lots of force exerted on the muscles.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the arm experiences â€Å"repetitive motions,† the damage may lead to â€Å"Epicondylitis,† or â€Å"Tennis Elbow†. For tasks that involve constant movements at the workplace, the workers are likely to develop Epicondylitis, unless good principles of work safety are adopted (Konz, 2011). Figure 1: Illustration of CTS Source: (Konz, 2011) Figure 2: Illustration of Epicondylitis Source: (Konz, 2011)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ergonomic principles involved with movements Working at proper and comfortable heights Many people may not know that height is a fundamental factor in the determination of safety at the workplace. The inclination of the hand and the palms are very significant factors in ascertaining the safety of the hand. The strain on the functioning of the hand interferes with the muscles and the nerve responses in the hand. The movement can be initiated by poor gravitational inclination of the hand, which necessitates the individual to be wary of the inclination of the arm. Epicondylitis does not occur due to â€Å"positional misjudgment† of the arms, but rather movement. Therefore, the ergonomic principles involved in the management of Tennis Elbow, are fundamentally different from those principles involved in the management of CTS. Poor positioning of the arm and intense force on the palm of the hands due to overstretching induces the condition. Remedying the condition requires the adoption of ergonomic principles that ensure that the hands are kept at a position where stretching is limited. Management of Epicondylitis involves limiting excessive motions of the arm especially when carrying heavy loads. Epicondylitis advances in cases where the work process involves repetitive motion of the arms carrying a heavy load. Repetitive movement and stress Repetitive movement of the arm and the hands is a predisposing factor to the two conditions. The need to shun monotonous movements involving the joints while carrying heavy loads should be emphasized. Workers must be trained on how to limit these movements to evade â€Å"wear† and â€Å"tear† of their joints. Consequently, it is important to avoid strenuous elbow movements to avoid stretching the muscles of the hand beyond their â€Å"elastic limit.† The muscles of the arm should be a ccorded minimal load especially when these muscles are under movement. Cases of Carpal Turner Syndrome require that strain and stress leading to muscles shearing be eliminated. Design of hand tools should consider the template of ergonomic principle in the workplace. Intelligible designation of the tool handles is fundamental to limiting injuries at the workplace. Specifically, the case of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome will be significantly reduced.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From these assertions, it is clear that there is a distinction between the ergonomic principles in the management of CTS and Epicondylitis (Kroemer, Kroemer Elbert, 2001). Why CTS and Epicondylitis continue to be unobserved Poor observation of good work ethics Poor work ethics is a factor that has largely contributed to increased injuries. CTS and Epicondylitis problems are widespread at the workstations as the staffs have ineffective enforcement programs to curb these episodes of injury at the workplace. The paper will briefly shift focus to explore the reason injuries have been associated with CTS and â€Å"Tennis elbow† syndrome continue to be witnessed amongst the workers (Kroemer, Kroemer Elbert, 2001). Rigidity to adopt, and stick to the established ergonomic principles Enforcement of these ergonomic principles has faced ferocious resistance from most workers. Issues like positioning of the arms, the limbs, the back, and even the hands are very critical in the managem ent of the workplace injuries. However, they have invariably been ignored. Workers are severely used to workplace indolence that makes it quite hard for them to adopt these new and effective models of maintaining a healthy life at the work place. Carpal Turner Syndrome continues to be a primary concern for employers despite the training of the staff to restructure their work techniques. As long as a change of attitude is not witnessed at the workplace, management of CTS and Epicondylitis remain a mirage (Kroemer, Kroemer Elbert, 2001). Nature and design of the tools usable in the workplace Occupational health experts have shifted blame on the injuries at the workplace to indigent design of the tools used. Experts attribute 50% of the workplace injuries to the tools that workers use. The designs of these tools are prerequisites for these injuries. Handles of the commonly used tools, for instance, have been â€Å"accused† of enhancing injuries especially cases of CTS (Konz, 20 11). Rigidity by most employers To adopt new technologies to avoid injuries. Good workplace ergonomic strategies include adoption of new industrial technologies that considerably reduce injuries at the workplace. Adoption of new technologies that are comfortable to use and achieve optimal results is essential in handling cases of workplace injuries. Nevertheless, most employers are unwilling to replace the inefficient machines with these highly efficient technologies where injuries are not easily experienced (Konz, 2011). Discussion Structuring of an effective ergonomics plan In an industrial manufacturing setting, rotational duty strategy is crucial. One of the contributing factors to workplace injuries is the fact that some workers are repetitively involved in the same chore. There is a need to rotate the workers to avoid the impact of stress on the same muscle. The following framework is critical in the reduction of â€Å"exposure hours† to the agents of injury (Kroemer, K roemer Elbert, 2001). Figure 3: Illustration of program design for workplace safety in a manufacturing plant Source: (Konz, 2011) Design of tools Flexible design of workplace tools is fundamental for an efficient ergonomics program. To reduce CTS and Epicondylitis, proper handling of tools in the workplace must be encouraged. Purchase evaluation of these tools should be done. Extreme strain on one arm is the root cause of CTS and Epicondylitis. Balanced use of both hands should be encouraged. In addition, a policy framework that requires workers to make use of both their hands should be designed to distribute the strain of work on both arms. Purchase of tools and equipment should be anchored on assessment report by ergonomists. Efficient evaluation of tools must be part of the procurement process while purchasing tools for the company (TrzcielinÃŒ ski, 2013). Workplace screening Konz (2011) proposes an elaborate model of intermittent health screening of workers to assess the effe cts of work on their health. The screening is crucial in establishing if the workers are exposed to injuries. Early interventional measures are significant in managing workplace injuries. Screening of workers assists the management in diagnosing workplace injuries on time. Any establishment of ergonomic programs must be based on research and evaluation. The screening process gives managers an insight into the causes of workplace injuries. A systematic screening program should be instituted to effect early intervention measures for workplace injuries (Alexander Rabourn, 2011). Conclusion and Future Study Workplace injuries are quite common. Epicondylitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome are some of the most common forms of injuries. The study focused on the possible application of ergonomics to establish safer workplaces with regard to these injuries. The study finds that with the help of workers, managements can set up structures that greatly reduce the injuries. For instance screening, and setting up structures approved by experts. Future studies may focus on finding out the extent to which applications of ergonomics contributes towards workplace satisfaction or performance. References Alexander, D., Rabourn, R. (2011). Applied ergonomics. London: Taylor Francis. Karwowski, W., Salvendy, G. (2011). Advances in human factors, ergonomics, and safety in manufacturing and service industries. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Konz, S. (2011). International ergonomics association ergonomics international news and information. Ergonomics, 34 (6): 849-866. Kroemer, K., Kroemer, H., Elbert, K. (2001). Ergonomics: How to design for ease and efficiency. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. TrzcielinÃŒ ski, S. (2013). Advances in ergonomics in manufacturing. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. This research paper on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the Workplace was written and submitted by user Taraji Whitfield to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Descartes Discourse

Descartes' first discussion of scientific method is in an unfinished work of 1628 titled Rules for the Direction of the Mind. The first 12 of the planned 36 rules deal with the general aspects of his proposed methodology, and are considered early versions of principles which made their way into his later writings. In 1633 Descartes prepared for publication a work on physics called Le Monde which defended a heliocentric view of the universe. That same year the Catholic Church condemned Galileo's Dialogue (1632). Descartes did not think Galileo's views were prejudicial to religion and he worried that his own views might be censured. Thus he suspended publication of it. In 1637 Descartes published a collection of essays titled Optics, Meterology, and Geometry. Prefaced to these essays was a work titled "Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences." Most of the "Discourse" was written before the 1633 condemnation of Galileo's Dialogue. Howev er, he later added a concluding section which explained that he insisted on publishing, in spite of political risks. The simple reason was that he counted on the public to help confirm his scientific theories. In the Discourse, Descartes offers a method of inquiry quite different from Bacon's. Whereas Bacon advocated induction, Descartes insists on a more deductive approach. Most of the Discourse is autobiographical insofar as it traces Descartes intellectual development and how his method assisted him in his investigations. Descartes realized that he needed to reject much of the teachings of his youth. This raised the question as to exactly how he should proceed in replacing old theories with new ones. He found his answer by observing how old parts of cities are replaced with the new. The more elegant cities are those which are methodically built from scratch, not those which continually renovate old sections. Descartes explains that he had learned a va... Free Essays on Descartes Discourse Free Essays on Descartes Discourse Descartes' first discussion of scientific method is in an unfinished work of 1628 titled Rules for the Direction of the Mind. The first 12 of the planned 36 rules deal with the general aspects of his proposed methodology, and are considered early versions of principles which made their way into his later writings. In 1633 Descartes prepared for publication a work on physics called Le Monde which defended a heliocentric view of the universe. That same year the Catholic Church condemned Galileo's Dialogue (1632). Descartes did not think Galileo's views were prejudicial to religion and he worried that his own views might be censured. Thus he suspended publication of it. In 1637 Descartes published a collection of essays titled Optics, Meterology, and Geometry. Prefaced to these essays was a work titled "Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences." Most of the "Discourse" was written before the 1633 condemnation of Galileo's Dialogue. Howev er, he later added a concluding section which explained that he insisted on publishing, in spite of political risks. The simple reason was that he counted on the public to help confirm his scientific theories. In the Discourse, Descartes offers a method of inquiry quite different from Bacon's. Whereas Bacon advocated induction, Descartes insists on a more deductive approach. Most of the Discourse is autobiographical insofar as it traces Descartes intellectual development and how his method assisted him in his investigations. Descartes realized that he needed to reject much of the teachings of his youth. This raised the question as to exactly how he should proceed in replacing old theories with new ones. He found his answer by observing how old parts of cities are replaced with the new. The more elegant cities are those which are methodically built from scratch, not those which continually renovate old sections. Descartes explains that he had learned a va...

Applied Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Applied Law - Essay Example Some of the U.S. laws include making all information clear to the customer ensures that no information is hidden. The company must be registered by the government, and that the data collected from the users (their personal information) must be used for the purpose it was collected. Laws regarding digital rights and online advertising also apply (Wilson, 2003). Yes, virtual space can be profitable. Targeting as many potential consumers as possible via the internet has now become easy (Wilson, 2003). The business is not restricted to a particular geographical location; instead it is widely spread and reaches to international customers. If the revenue from sales is unsatisfying, then the advertising revenue on the virtual space may cover the costs. Joining ventures with the other similar business and sourcing out for cost-effective products may help too (Wilson, 2003). Not only this, the overheads are also minimized hence it is, indeed, possible to yield a profit from the virtual space. No, I think the considerations would be similar for any business operating online or offline. These include diversification and / or capitalization (Wilson,

Managing Innovation and Creativity at Topman Essay

Managing Innovation and Creativity at Topman - Essay Example One such business is Topman the seller of men’s fashion. Topman is actually a stand-alone fashion business that was started by Peter Robinson in 1978. Topman exclusively caters to men and their stores can be found throughout the United Kingdom. The point that Topman wants to make is to â€Å"provide a new approach to menswear retailing† (Fashion Model Directory, 2011). Their main product offering is men’s fashionable clothes from formal suits to casual styles; they also carry footwear and accessories. Topman states that they have something for any fellow who is looking for something unique and different. Some of the designer clothes they carry includes items by Fred Perry, Licentious, Carolyn Massey, Material Boy, Dexter Wong Ltd. Topman is also interested in collaborating with young designers and they have worked with Markus Lupfer, Peter Jensen, Kim Jones and they have launched their own premium label called, â€Å"Topman Design.† Topman is also collabor ating with Fashion East to produce a menswear event â€Å"MAN† that takes place during London Fashion Week.... Each company creates their own corporate culture and the owners must be able to express their vision for the business to their employees and to their target market. Creativity is also a large part of advertising. The more creative a business owner is in their advertising, the easier it will be to capture the audience they want to capture. Wallas (qtd. in McLeod 2009) states that there are five stages of creativity that are quite relevant to this discussion. The five stages that Wallas described were: 1. Preparation – the individual begins to work on a particular problem and begins to think about the problem. 2. Incubation – the individual continues to think about the problem mentally but does not yet do anything physically about it. 3. Intimation – the creative individual now begins to get ideas about the problem and how they can work with it. 4. Illumination or insight – the creative individual now has some ideas to begin putting on paper or constructing to solve the problem. 5. Verification – the individual finally understands what they need to do in the problem and they begin to consciously do something about it. These five stages seem to imply that creativity is more an unconscious process that comes into consciousness for the individual. This shows how people are inspired to do great things. 1.2 Topman and Creativity Topman has worked hard to differentiate itself from other clothing designers and retailers. It is part of another business called TopShop and both stores cater to men’s fashions. Men can find reasonably proceed apparel that was created by well known designers or by new, up and coming designers.

Organisational Change Case Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisational Change Case Report - Essay Example However, the restructuring process resulted in loss of customer loyalty and negative publicity. In the current study, various models for organisational change have been studied and the best model for Qantas change management has been selected. This model has been used in various applications in order to facilitate better communication and increase motivation as well as employee engagement. The model is also helpful in determining the various strategies through which the business can be improved and made sustainable. Conclusions helped in wrapping up the entire report with important points. Recommendations have been given in terms of the failure of earlier strategies as well as future strategies, which can be an added advantage to the current change management process. Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Critical Evaluation of Diagnostic Models 3 2.1 Open system Model 3 2.2 Congruence Model 4 2.3 Burke-Litwin Model 5 2.4 Choice of Diagnostic Model for Qantas 6 3. Application of selected mod el to Qantas 6 3.1 Application in the formal organizational system 7 3.2 Application in informal organization 8 3.3 Application in Employee management 8 4. Conclusion 9 5. Recommendations 9 References 11 1. Introduction Qantas is an airline carrier in Australia. The airline carries 65 percent share of the domestic market of Australia and around 19 percent of international passengers travelling in and out of the nation. Sydney airport is the major hub (Qantas, 2013a). The company saw a huge decline in their profit margin in the year 2012 when profits went negative (Qantas, 2013b). As a result, the management decided to bring about huge restructuring in their organization as well as strategies. The airline carrier has been involved in organizational restructuring as a result of the increasing economic downturn and loss of revenue. The organization was in news because of its massive reduction in management staffs and employee layoffs as a fundamental review process (Paraskevas, 2006). Through this organizational change management process, the company hopes to cope up with the ongoing economic challenges and revive its organization from the present global financial downturn. The objective of this report is to analyze the change management process occurring in the organization. The study will involve use of various diagnostic tools for organizational change management and identify the tools best suitable for the organization. Literature review as well as organizational practice will be considered while reviewing and identifying recommendations and selecting appropriate methods. 2. Critical Evaluation of Diagnostic Models 2.1 Open system Model It is an organizational model which recognizes that an organization exists in the framework of a bigger environment which affects its performance and in turn also affects the way an organization interacts with the change. According to this model, firms operate within external environment, taking specific inputs and transformin g those using technical and social processes (Sullivan, 2004). The outputs are returned to this environment and used as feedback for firm’s functioning. Open system model can be described on the basis of its various properties described below; Environment: Open system environment involve people and organization exchanging resources and information with the environment.

Vienna in the Classical Period

Vienna in the Classical Period This essay will review the information which justify the question: Why was Vienna such an important cultural centre in classical period? First of all I will refer to the city of Vienna in which a great civilization was developed in the past and actually in classical period. Vienna is characterized as the cultural capital of Europe, until today. In 1918 Vienna was designated the capital of Austria which was one of the four countries which were containing the Multi Empire of Habsburg. Also classical period refers to the period that began around 1750 and ended in 1830. So this essay will provide the cultural development of eighteenth century which took place in Vienna. During the late eighteenth century Vienna attracted composers from across Europe. Composers like Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven were drawn to the city by patronage of Habsburgs who were willing to support the music.  [1]  Furthermore during the eighteenth century, except of the music development, a cultural development in the field of architecture and arts occured. The words elegance, grace, symmetry and restrain are the most suitable words for the tendencies of the music, of art and the architecture of that period.  [2]  Also in classical period a development in theatre and opera style was noticed. Furthermore there is confusion between the words cultural and civilization. Most people believe that, these two words refer to the same thing, but there is a difference, which will be explained bellow, to make sense what is mean by cultural centre. When we talk about civilization we mean the tradition, the customs, the habits, the intellectual and artistic development of particular country or city. It is a way of creating one state in which lives and activates a society, with education. On the other hand cultural is the approach monument of development of previous civilisations as historical objects and also the study of them. Cultural means cultivation and development. It is the knowledge of an object. So that is the difference between civilizations and cultural. When we mention in cultural centre we mean the study of the objects that happened or developed in this particular place and the study of the civilization in this time. So this essay will explain what happened in Vienna in classical period and which areas developed culturally. The Habsburg Empire during the eighteenth century became one of the greatest Dynastic States in Europe and Austria was one of the countries, were consisting the rule of the Habsburg Empire. Since the sixteenth century Vienna had been under the threat of the Turks but in 1685 Austria achieved to defeat the Turks and drove them back to Hungary.  [3]  The territories of the Habsburg Empire were located in eastern and south-central Europe. As David F. Good mentions in his book Vienna was the geographical nucleus centre of the Empire and so the city famed historical importance.  [4]  While Austria was under the Habsburg Crown it was an autonomous state,  [5]  and was ruling in most territories of the Empire. After the death of Charles VI Archduke in October in 1740, his daughter Maria Theresa, who was born in Vienna, took the rule.  [6]  She was regarded as the greatest of the Habsburgs rules.  [7]  When she became empress she was 40 years and led the Austria in a golden era. Maria Theresa spread the education and she introduced 500 public schools. She helped the industry growth and put lower taxes on the products. Thus she improved the economy. She also reformed the army and the legal system. Maria also contributed in the developed of Classical music as it was the main development in that period. Maria and her 16 children performed operas and dances. In 1762, Maria Theresa presented Vienna with the forts performance of Glucks innovation opera Orpheus and Eurydice.  [8]  Joseph II, Marias Theresas was the continuer of her activities, from 1780 until 1790. He was another one zealous reformer, who abolished the selfdom and he secularized the religious properties.  [9]   It is known that when, the economy of a country is going very well and the only occupation of its habitants it is not the struggle of survival, they turn to the development of their civilization. They turn to the development of arts and they are giving importance to education. During the classical period the economy of Austria was going very well and that contributed to be their only concern the cultural development. That made Vienna a cultural centre and wider the capital of Europe. The elements of civilization that were developed in Vienna in classical period were music, the theatre the architecture, and the arts like painting and sculpture. In ancient times the music accompanied the people in their activities, which the most of them were religious. But the ideological difference of Renaissance changed the data. During the eighteenth century music gained its own ground and released from the religiosity. In that period composers from all over the Europe were drawn to Vienna by the patronage of Habsburgs. That period, European music enriched from instruments. Further Vienna could be characterized also as the capital of serious music because it hosted important representatives of the great European traditional. The famous composers all of the time, who were considered as the three monsters of classical period and contributed with their remarkable musical work, to be the city of Vienna such an important cultural centre were Haydn Mozart and Beethoven. Franz Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrou, in Austria he considered as the father of symphony. Additionally it is necessary to mention that in 1797, Haydn became the composer of the Austrian national anthem Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser. In 1803, the city of Vienna gave to Haydn the large golden Salvator -medal, and during the 1804 became an honour citizen of Vienna. After his dead he took the sympathy of Viennese people and they called for his honour his cemetery as the Haydn Park.  [10]   Likewise Mozart, the musical genius born in Salzburg, in Austria. His father, Leopold, as a violin teacher, recognized soon, the musical talent of his son. By the age of 5 Mozart started to compose minuets. His fame as a great musician began by the age of 6, when the family invited from the Empress Maria Theresa in Vienna and there he played piano. Then Mozart started travelling in European countries with high music culture and he was conducting concerts, but he decide to move back to Vienna, because he believed that it was the best place for him to stay. He lived in Vienna many creative and successful years,  [11]  where he became a great concert organizer and a piano virtuoso, a conductor and an important composer. Also he composed many sonatas, strings quartet and operas which still heard until nowadays. In the same way, Beethoven is classified in the list of most famous composers of classical period. He born in Bonn, in Germany, moved to the note musical centre, Vienna with the ambition to be a great and famous composer as Haydn and Mozart.  [12]  The dream of Beethoven became true. He appeared in concerts in Vienna as a pianist, since he established as the city pianist. He also composed remarkable sonatas and symphonies. Beethoven became the first successful freelance of Vienna.  [13]  The musical life works of that composers still hearing until nowadays and the visitors of Vienna go to the capital of classical music to enjoy live that great works. The theatre as well noticed a great development in Austria and especially in Vienna, which became the city of religious drama. During the Middle Ages developed three forms of theatre, the Jesuit drama, the commedia Dell Arte and the Italian Opera. That forms underlie the theatre of eighteenth century and figured the Vienna one of the most attractive theatrical cultures of Europe. The popular theatre appeared for the first time in 1711, with the contribution of Josef Stranitzky who was an improvisational player and led the Karntnerto Theater in Vienna to take over by an Italian company. Stranitzky was instantly supported by the populace. But in the second half of eighteenth century the improvisation gradually started to disappear from the theatrical stage. In the late eighteenth century in 1791, appeared one of the greatest theatrical productions, in Vienna.  [14]   Additionally, during the eighteenth century, Vienna flourished and became a cosmopolitan centre. The architecture of the city was characterized by bulky building which beautified the skyline. Those buildings do not have the style of early medieval buildings but many of those Gothic buildings had the style of older foundations. Let have a look where has its roots the architecture of eighteenth century. During the 1300s the architecture of the churches was based on the Hallenkirche (hall church), which it was German style. The St. Stephans Cathedral, where the famous composer of classical period Haydn performed from his childhood as tenor, has the style of Hallenkirche. In Renaissance other buildings were not built up, because the Turks, who besieged the city periodically from 1529 until the 1680, were allowing only the strength of Viennas fortifications.  [15]   Austrias architects started to produce in the golden age of Austria baroque architecture, when the Leopold I, was ruling. Johan Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, (1656-1723) was an architect, who took elements from the Italianate baroque and tried to approximate them to the Viennese style. He was the architect of Maria Theresas Schonbrum Palace and his work characterized by a restrained and monumental style. The palace has the style of rococo which developed in the early eighteenth century and has similarities with the baroque style. The Schonbrum Palace and the other building of rococo style were gilded stucco with brightly colored frescoes. After Fischer another architect became famous for his design, Johann Lukans von Hildebrand (1668 -1745). The Belvedere Palace of Prince Eugene, designed by Hildebrand with interlocking cubes and a style of slopping mansard roof. So that provides the influence from Fischer von Erlach. Also the Schahwarzenberg Palace in Vienna was designed by Hildebran d.  [16]   The Viennese architects in eighteenth century were using the neoclassical architecture styles. They approximated the classical architect of Greeks and Romans. They used cleaner lines in their designs and squarer. The buildings were bulkier and they had preponderance of columns. Further painting and sculpture remarked a development during the eighteenth century. Bernardo Bellotto, who was a pupil of his uncle famous Painter Venetian, Canalrtto, invited from Maria Theresa to make the city flat with clear light, details and accuracy. Bellottos painting can be characterized as social, historical and artistic documents. Martin van Meysten was another one famous painter of eighteenth century. Meysten composed his cavances with clumsiness and they are overburdened. Those cavances are the best of Austrian courts balls and receptions. In 1730, he became the manager of Fine Arts Academy in Vienna.  [17]   Also the sculpture developed during the classical period in Vienna. There were three famous sculptors who stayed in history for their remarkable works. The first was Georg Raphael Donner, who made the bronzes of the Fountain of Providence in the Neuer Mark and it has life-size. Also Bathasar Permoser created the equestrian statues, which was located in the courtyard of the Belvedere Palace. Further Balthasar Moll was the third famous sculptor and created the double sarcophagus for Maria Theresa and his husband Frances Stephan. Sarcophagus located in the Kapuzinerkirche. Franz Xaver Messerschmidt was a habitant of Vienna and he is famous for his portrait bust. Franz made the portrait of famous representatives as Maria Theresa, of her son Joseph II and others.  [18]   In addition the economic prosperity in Vienna in eighteenth century fostered the conditions of intellectual Rise. Greeks immigrants contributed in this as they created a Greek colony in Vienna when they left from the Greece to escape from the chaos that prevailed in the country at the long of Turkish rule. The ideas of the enlightenment found in Vienna fertile ground. Before the French revolution scholars clergy like Anthimos Gajis, Neofitos Doukas and Constantinos Koumas made Vienna the most important intellectual centre. In that period strong editorial activity at the Greek printings in Vienna was noticed; which were printing books of philosophy, of science of mathematics, of geography pedagogical and also medical books.  [19]   To conclude undoubtedly Vienna developed a great civilization in classical period and was characterised from many people as a cultural centre and as the capital of classical music because activated there the most famous composers all of the times. Fairly, we can give to Vienna these characterizations. In this contributed the great Dynastic, the Habsburg Empire, mainly Maria Theresa and his son Joseph II. It is known that Maria Theresa contributed to the rise and aid of the economy of Vienna, which was not very good, because of the wars conductor in classical period. Maria Theresa was an admirable empress who achieved to strengthen the economy of Vienna by stimulating the industry. She lowered the taxes and she gave importance on the establishment of schools. The cultural development of each nation is based on the education of the people who live in an organized society. Also it is important to refer to the Greeks immigrants who created a colony in Vienna and by this contributed in the rise of Viennas economy. Greeks developed a strong economic activity and they dealt with the commercial and they made Vienna in the eighteenth century a commercial crossroad. Hence, the economy of Vienna was going very well. The civilization found, fertile ground to develop in all aspects and the Vienna became a great intellectual and cultural centre. Finally Vienna, fairly took the title of a cultural centre Because in that city in eighteenth century and especially in classical period, all the aspects of civilization as the music, the architecture, the painting and the sculpture developed. As mentioned before, cultural means the study of an object, the cultivation and the development of a particular place in a particular period. Thus Vienna can be characterised as one of the most important cultural centres in classical period.

A Case Study of the English Language Center :: Research Papers

A Case Study of the English Language Center Three blocks away from the hustle of Market Street, the main thoroughfare of Drexel University's campus, an unassuming building nestles in a quiet neighborhood. The street, lined with narrow sidewalks and trees, gives one a feeling of coziness and safety. Other than the faint sounds of city traffic, tranquility presides over this neighborhood scene. At 229 North 33rd Street stands a long, rectangular, light-colored brick building two stories high. The low green shrubs at the edge of the building and the grassy areas spotted with trees to either side of the entrance give one the sense that this building belongs to the "neighborhood." Looking up at its facade, one would not think that inside this modest structure lies a microscopic view of the world as it could be in the next millennium-a world where countries from all corners of the globe come together in harmony, a non-politicized world where borders, political divisions separating ethnic groups, dissolve and give rise toboundar ies, permeable areas that encourage the acknowledgement of and mutual respect for linguistic and cultural diversity. What is this place? Who are the inhabitants? Walking up the entranceway steps lined with black iron railings, one immediately encounters an outer glass door inscribed with the outline of an umbrella-shaped image encasing the letters AAIEP. Above the umbrella stand the words "American Association for International English Programs (AAIEP)" and underneath, "English Language Center, Foreign Language Center, and ESL Writing Center." These words only begin to frame what goes on inside this building. On the other side of the entranceway lies a safe haven--a place where people from around the globe to come together to learn English, a place where words are transformed into language. But more goes on at 229 North 33rd Street than just the learning of English in the traditional sense of learning a language or the teaching of specific skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. At Drexel's English Language Center (ELC), students learn about American culture as well. While knowledge of vocabulary, syntax, and grammar serve to enhance one's linguistic ability, they do not necessarily promote communicative competence or the appropriate use of language in situations of everyday life. Because the rules and norms of language cannot be separated from culture, developing communicative competence "enables a student to use a language for a wide range of social and expressive purposes" (Schiffrin 323).

Are There More Advantages Than Disadvantages to Living in a House Rather Than in an Apartment?

Many people nowadays face a difficult decision when they buy their own home. The question is whether they should buy a house or an apartment. There would seem to be clear benefits and drawbacks to both options. Perhaps the major advantage of living in a house is the issue of privacy. Typically, there is more opportunity for peace and quiet, if you live in a house. This is particularly the case if it is a detached house. Other significant advantages are that houses are generally more spacious and on the whole have gardens. This is especially important if there is a family so that the children can have a safe environment to play in. If, however, you live in a tower block, then the children may have to play outside on the pavement. There are, of course, negative aspects to living in houses. The greatest of these is that they tend to be more expensive to purchase and to maintain. Indeed, a large majority of people choose to live in apartments because they cannot afford the mortgage to buy a house. Another possible problem is that there are fewer houses in cities than the countryside. So if you like urban life, it may be preferable to live in an apartment. A second reason to avoid living in a house is that there is a greater sense of community to life in an apartment. My conclusion would be that this is a well-balanced issue. There are probably an equal number of pros and cons to making either choice. Ultimately, whether you decide to live in a cottage in the countryside or a duplex in the city depends on your own personality, family and financial circumstances.

Snuck and WH

From Our Readers – Sneak/Snuck and WH From Our Readers Sneak/Snuck and WH From Our Readers Sneak/Snuck and WH By Maeve Maddox Sometimes I get comments via the Contact box that I wish had been posted in the comments for everyone to enjoy. Sneaking up on Snuck Heres what A.G. of Clearwater, Florida had to add: Ah, the wonderful vagaries of the English language! Sneak/sneaked is in line with leak/leaked, peak/peaked, peek/peeked, or reek/reeked. On the other hand, if speak/spoke, why not sneak/snoke? Or, if seek/sought, why not sneak/snought? [shudder] With tongue in cheek, I remain faithfully yours [oh, no, lets not start that one up again!]†¦ Pronouncing Words That Begin with WH Maria Cypher, she who inspired the WH post, sent the following link to a map that shows where clusters of [hw] speakers practice their funny pronunciations. Map showing [hw] pronunciations. Note the dot in the center of Arkansas. Thats where [hwer] I grew up. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†What Is a Doctor?

Long Island and Sac south Essay

Long Island and Sac south Essay Long Island and Sac south Essay SBU Transit Map - Service Level B, C & D A B D C E G F To Stony Brook Village .R. L.I.R 25A No 1 P d Ci Cir Natural Meadow Softball cle Recreation Fields ad Varsity Tennis Courts Circl e Ro ad Kenneth P. LaValle Athletic Stadium 3 Gym Roa d n S. Toll Drive Joh Van de Graaff Accelerator Math Tower e John S. Toll Dr iv T No West Apartment B Complex A Driv e Circ Roth Quad le R oad Keller College Drive velt Greeley College Bioengineering Laufer Center e Driv er i ng En gin e Stimson College Cardozo College Centers for Molecular Medicine Life Sciences (CMM) Health Sciences Garage Underpass Gershwin College P SCAN Center STONY BROOK MEDICINE Health Sciences Tower Roose E 5 Toscanini College Tabler Quad SBU Transit (631)632-6418 SBU Parking (631)632-AUTO Email: transportation@stonybrook.edu Hospital Main Entrance Chapin Commons Hand College D ler Tab rive Ashley Schiff Preserve r Drive Douglass College Marburge Sanger College Emergency Entrance Hospital Circle Road Sports Court Tabler Center www.stonybrook.edu/transportation Basic Sciences Tower Whitman College Roth Cafà © L.I. High Technology Incubator rive l beRoosevelt Quad D C A c a d e m i c Ye a r Effective 2012-2013 Main Entrances Hilton Garden Inn (under construction) Social and Behavioral Sciences (SBS) Hendrix College Mount College /4 es D We st Nobel Halls Yang Lauterbur Hall Hall 1 ienc h Sc Healt Wagner College West Apartment Complex E F Heavy Engineering Dreiser College Chapin Apartments Hospital Parking Garage P ts R Patrio P SOUTH CAMPUS Dutchess Hall University Police d g Edmund D. Pelle P P iences Health Sc STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION & PARKING OPERATIONS Endeavour Hall We are dedicated to satisfying our customers with efficient and convenient transportation and parking services in support of the diverse missions of the University. South Entrances riv hD ut So Marburger Drive Rockland Westchester Hall Hall Sullivan Hall School of Dental Medicine Drive e Discovery Hall P ad Ro L.I. State Veterans Home Pain Management Center Challenger Hall Marine Sciences Research Center o rin P oad Ambulatory Surgery Center ad Suffolk Hall Cancer Center Imaging Center Ro Roa Putnam Hall olls 6 Broo k Carol M. Baldwin Breast Care Center Dana Hall Nic Nassau Hall Stony Stony Brook University SBU Transit Map ad H G G Kelly Dewey Cafà © College West Drive Schomburg Apartments 0 Point of Woods Bldgs. Drive lls Ro B Sports Court Administration Parking Garage Ken ny Nico I Humanities Educational Communications u mp P Center Ca Light (ECC) Javits Engineering Lecture Engineering New Center Computer Computing Science Center (under construction) Computer Science Hamilton College Kelly Quad Baruch College P oad . .R I.R B e riv sD SBU Bike Storage Lockers Mile le R Ke P Drive Eisenhower College Schick College L. Shir ley A Psychology B Student Activities Center (SAC) BL CAMPUS ACADEMIC MALL EEarth and d Sp Spa SSpace pacc Sciences (EESS) (ESS) MAIN Frank Melville Jr. Memorial Library Old Chemistry Harriman Hall Charles B. Wang Center Staller Center for the Arts SBU Bike Share Stations Circ 4 Chemistry B P Red Dragon Labyrinth Administration 25A Primary N Transfer Stop Irving College Gray College Stony Brook Union Campus Recreation Center P Physics Simons Center Service Group P P Central Services (Receiving) CoGen Plant lly Mendelsohn Quad P Sports Complex Central Stores (Warehouse) O’Neill College Ammann College Outdoor Basketball Courts P James College Student Health Center 25A Soccer Practice Field SBU Transit Stop with Suffolk Transit Connection Benedict College H Quad Lacrosse Practice Field Circle Road Track Practice Field BL Benedict Road Langmuir College Recreation Tennis Courts P Stadium ad Sports Court Soccer Practice Field SBU Transit

Martin Luther King Jr I have a dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Martin Luther King Jr I have a dream - Essay Example While his oratory skills are legendary, how did King establish credibility with this particular audience? By invoking Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation, he reminds the audience of its history and the promises still to be realized. He also discusses how the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence address the rights of every American, not just certain segments of the population. By doing so, he unites his audience with a common cause that reflects on every citizen. From the standpoint of establishing character, it is clear that he is passionate about the subject and pulls the audience in with both the poetry and practical approach of his words. He gains their respect by addressing the reasonable points of his argument and reminding them that change must be found on â€Å"the high plane of dignity and discipline.† The speech is very charismatic, evident by the way in which the audience responds to King’s words. Eye to eye with the audience, his command is powerful; it is indeed like a minister speaking to his congregation. As the speech progresses with greater energy and rhythm, the audience is engaged in an almost shared religious experience. King appeals to the audience both emotionally and intellectually. He tells them that the struggle for equality involves everyone. By reminding his audience that we are all bound together and referencing various parts of the country, he strengthens his argument. When he says â€Å"We cannot walk alone,† King is reinforcing a sense of community and faith in the goodness of Man. Therefore, he makes those that disagree seem divisive and beholden to the past. I believe his main point involves taking the lessons--and promises--of the past and using them to build a future that has no regard for the color of one’s skin. Speaking of hardships, unity and hope, he makes clear the urgency of his

Week6 discussions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week6 discussions - Article Example The Net Operating Loss occurs under various specific rules. First, the amount is carried back to two preceding tax years and applied against all the taxable incomes. Subsequently, this move gives rise to a tax rebate. Conversely, an individual or company can carry forward the amount to the next twenty years, applying it to all the possible taxable incomes. Noteworthy, the NOL becomes obsolete after the elapsing of the twenty years (Freitag, & Tax Management Inc., 2010). Therefore, the timing of an NOL should be very strategic in a bid to attain the highest tax benefit. From intensive deliberations in the e-activity, I would highly recommend that one should apply the Net Operating Loss in the earliest period possible. Substantially, this move will make more financial sense due to the favorable time value of money as opposed to the future unpredictable value of money. In this regard, a taxpayer will undoubtedly reap the highest tax benefit from a comparative aspect. In the event where a taxpayer will mix pleasure and business travel, a tax break will be evident. All the leisure expenses incurred during travel for work should be justified as business expenses. The biggest deduction error made by taxpayers subjected to auditing is the lack of accurate and well-dated receipts and events. Such confusions make it almost impossible for a validation from the IRS. Additionally, a big deduction mistake can occur when a taxpayer mixes business with pleasure by the subsequent use of the business telephone for private uses. With intensive scrutiny, the IRS would not validate such

Administrative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Administrative Law - Essay Example ts. Consequently, there has been an urgent need to tackle and overcome such activities of prostitution which are in most communities considered as unacceptable. However, many countries in the light of the stated problem have legalized prostitution through brothels with the imposition of certain restriction so as to minimize criminal offences, simultaneously preserving social interests. For instance, even though an increasing percentage of population worldwide deciphers a strong believe that legalization of prostitution or brothels can de-motivate the performing of such offences, communities still perceive that such acts are immoral and should never be legalised as it might harm the social environment and the following generations by a large extent. Based on this understanding, in the light of Brothel Licensing Act 2011 (Cth), the case scenario of Alice will be assessed. Alice is an adult citizen of Sydney and runs a number of art galleries. Deciding that she would become a brothel â €˜madam’, Alice renovates a dilapidated youth hostel into a high class brothel. Correspondingly, she applies for a brothel license pursuant to the Brothel Licensing Act 2011 (Cth). Although she is granted with a brothel license, two conditions were mentioned rigidly in the agreement which she feels to be inhibiting her business growth prospects. Accordingly, many issues are observed to emerge opposing the license granted to the brothel. Concentrating on these issues, the report will intend to evaluate the specifications of such acts and its justness to be enacted. Decision or Decisions That Alice Can Seek Judicial Review Of The Minister decides to grant Alice a brothel license based on two rigid conditions. The first condition restricts that there be a maximum of four people on the premises at any one time. Correspondingly, the second condition deliberates that the brothel shall provide prostitution services only within the hours of 9am to 5pm and from Monday to Friday onl y. It is worth mentioning in this regard that prostitution has been found as one of the oldest professional practices performed by people even after being strongly opposed in the orthodox period of human civilisation. In the current day perspective, many countries including United Kingdom, Canada, France, and Germany among others have made prostitution and brothel legal with the intention to reduce the rate of sex crimes bringing-in various legal restrictions. Laws that prohibit prostitution and brothels have often been opposed by feminists accusing it to act as sex discrimination. Therefore, in a free and independent society, such laws are regarded as inappropriate as these legal implications tend to violate the basic rights and individual liberties unnecessarily. Prostitution services do not harm any of the party engaged in the prostitution due to mutual agreements; rather it does de-motivate people to forcefully indulge in such activities. People who agree to pay value for the pr ostitution services rendered to them at their own will and interest are the likely clients of the brothels. It has often been mentioned that it is appropriate to enact strict laws against trafficking defining it to be a category of sex crime, rather than on brothels which focuses on agreed sexual activities1. Thus, with reference to Alice’

Women role in our society Essay Example for Free

Women role in our society Essay Today, it cannot be denied that the liberation of the women (will be better to change to the women’s liberation) from domestic duties and subservient status has actually brought them an independently social equal position or superior to that of men. Women today are very active as they take part in many social functions of the communities, and have achieved (achieve – it might be dangerous to use simple present and present perfect in a joined- sentence, take a safer way ^0^) great successful (successes – should be a noun not adjective) in life. In any ( various, a vast amount of – I’m not quite sure about using â€Å"any† here, it’s fine when you translate to Vietnamese, however, it’s pretty rare to see such sentence in English document) countries around the world, many of ambassadors, ministers, commander-in-chiefs and senators are women. Some believed that women are excellent managers, since they are patient and prudent to solve the difficulties and urgent problems rather than being impatient like men. For instance, the recent survey points out that in Europe women held 23.2% of the seats in the Congress, however, in Sweden and Finland the number increases to 42% (The point is this example doesn’t seem to prove the above statement, take another one which should be related to a situation requiring being patient – customer complainning, for instance). Besides, many people think that women earn (more) than three-fourth as much as men actually, women’s weekly earnings were 75% of men’s which show the women’s ability compared to men. Women are also working in every fields of life. They are serving the nation in the same way like (as) the men (are), more than 70% of them are in the labor force. Women is flying the airplanes, they are doctors, engineers, lawyer †¦.and more than a mother. Today (Avoiding using such word, it will lower you mark ) many girls (young females) graduates (graduate) from high schools and enroll in colleges or universities then become successful  managers or even the chairmans of a big company (to increase the mark try to use words like : multination corporation, enterprise). Women can learn, start a business and they can become billionaires just like the men. In conclusion, women today are treated more fairly, they can vote, do politics, run a business, and their ability to work in any aspects in life such as education, economics, laws, entertainment shows that women are not behind in any case than a man. But (never ever use â€Å"but† to begin a sentence) in many part of the world, there is still gender discrimination which must be fought against. To be fair, this is a good assignment, well done. However, you can do even better if you focus on : + To list various things, never use â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , for example  such as education, economics, laws, entertainment = must be changed into such as education, economics, laws, and entertainment It must be that way to get a band 7 or 8 in the test + Never use â€Å"but†, â€Å"and†, to start a sentence - there are more, try to search for them + Avoiding using many, today, and words that show personal opinions, it is more academic to use passive voice. +The provided arguments are not strong enough, do more research before writing will help

Importance of Shell Shock in Pat Barkers Regeneration :: Pat Barker Regeneration Essays

Importance of Shell Shock in Pat Barker's Regeneration Pat Barker's Regeneration contains references to people, places, and cultural elements of particular significance to her themes as well as to the study of the First World War. One cultural reference, that of shell shock, is made early in the novel. On page four, Dr. William Rivers learns that Siegfried Sassoon is being sent to Craiglockhart War Hospital with a case of shell shock. To prevent shell shock from crippling the patients, Craiglockhart emphasizes the value of therapy, a theme in the novel, as a way to fight back against the mental battles. The term shell shock was first coined in 1915 by C.S. Myers in The Lancet to describe the disorder found on the battlefield in soldiers who had been exposed to an exploding shell (Spiller). During the beginning of World War One, the disorder was common only among soldiers. Victims were often mocked and labeled cowards by their peers, causing many to desert the army. Around three hundred of these men were shot, and hundreds more were imprisoned for their apparent cowardness (Storr). Soon officers began falling ill as well, and by 1917, the ratio of shell-shocked officers to shell-shocked enlisted men was an astounding 1: 6 (Bourke). With this shift, shell shock became recognized as a legitimate medical disorder. The symptoms of shell shock were numerous and varied from soldier to soldier. Physical effects ranged from trembling, sweating, insomnia, diarrhea, and minor twitches to paralysis, blindness, and muteness. Victims also experienced anguish, anxiety, and the inability to control their emotions. As a result, most were unable to separate their past from reality. During the war, psychologist Karl Bimbaum observed "great weariness and profuse weeping, even in otherwise strong men" (Spiller). Many of the soldiers exhibited what Sigmund Freud termed conversion disorders, which were subconsciously-formed problems such as the inability to walk, talk, see, or hear (Stuttaford). These symptoms were beyond the patients' control. Shell shock had devastating effects on the British Army. Over 80,000 cases of shell shock were treated during World War One (Bourke). Even after the war, symptoms continued to surface in a majority of the victims. Years later, many veterans still complained of frequent nightmares and hallucinations. In 1927, over 65,000 men remained in mental hospitals suffering from shell shock acquired during the war (Spiller). In every military conflict since World War One, shell shock has been a problem among combat forces.

The Tragic Hero Victor Frankenstein

Aristotle's ideas about tragedy were recorded in his book of literary theory titled Poetics. In it, he has a great deal to say about the structure, purpose, and intended effect of tragedy. His ideas have been adopted, disputed, expanded, and discussed for several centuries now. The following is a summary of his basic ideas regarding the tragic hero: 1. The tragic hero is a character of noble stature and has greatness. This should be readily evident in the play. The character must occupy a â€Å"high† status position but must ALSO embody nobility and virtue as part of his/her innate character. 2. Though the tragic hero is pre-eminently great, he/she is not perfect. Otherwise, the rest of us–mere mortals–would be unable to identify with the tragic hero. We should see in him or her someone who is essentially like us, although perhaps elevated to a higher position in society. 3. The hero's downfall, therefore, is partially her/his own fault, the result of free choice, not of accident or villainy or some overriding, malignant fate. In fact, the tragedy is usually triggered by some error of judgment or some character flaw that contributes to the hero's lack of perfection noted above. This error of judgment or character flaw is known as hamartia and is usually translated as â€Å"tragic flaw† (although some scholars argue that this is a mistranslation). Often the character's hamartia involves hubris (which is defined as a sort of arrogant pride or over-confidence). 4. The hero's misfortunate is not wholly deserved. The punishment exceeds the crime. 5. The fall is not pure loss. There is some increase in awareness, some gain in self-knowledge, some discovery on the part of the tragic hero.. 6. Though it arouses solemn emotion, tragedy does not leave its audience in a state of depression. Aristotle argues that one function of tragedy is to arouse the â€Å"unhealthy† emotions of pity and fear and through a catharsis (which comes from watching the tragic hero's terrible fate) cleanse us of those emotions. It might be worth noting here that Greek drama was not considered â€Å"entertainment,† pure and simple; it had a communal function–to contribute to the good health of the community. This is why dramatic performances were a part of religious festivals and community celebrations.

Cis 500 Case Study 1

Case Study 1: The Big Data Challenges Richard Lall Dr. Kim Anthony CIS500010VA016-1128-001 Info Syst Decision-Making October 28, 2012 Judge how Volvo Car Corporation integrated the cloud infrastructure into its networks. Volvo split from Ford in in 2010. In doing so they needed to create their own standalone IT environment and at the same time improve its business intelligence capabilities and operational efficiency (Microsoft, 2012).In a world where many consumers value smart technology in coexistence with automotive engineering, Volvo has created vehicles with hundreds of sensors and CPU’s embedded throughout the car (I-CIO, 2011). â€Å"Besides vehicle data gathered by sensors in and on the vehicle, we also collect visual information from four cameras. This gives us a good view of what happened in the cab and on the road at any given point in time† (Volvo Group, 2011).From the central locking system to the on board camera’s, data is being captured for use with in the vehicle and then transmitted via the cloud back to Volvo (I-CIO, 2011). Once data is received at Volvo it is streamed to a centralized analysis hub (the Volvo Data Warehouse), alongside data from customer relationship management systems (CRM), dealership systems, and product development and design systems (I-CIO, 2011). Once data is retrieved at the Volvo Data Warehouse it is archived where it can be retrieved and analyze or manipulated by Volvo employees.Through the cloud Volvo is massing large amount of rich data and this is providing them with the opportunity to â€Å"turn that resource into something that no only helps build better cars, but also helps the customer have a better experience [through their interaction and above all safety]† (I-CIO, 2011). Explain how Volvo Car Corporation transforms data into knowledge. Utilizing the Volvo data Warehouse to splice data together Volvo is able to perform analysis on various vehicle aspects. Having this abundance of dat a quicker allows Volvo to be pre-warned about potential issues pertaining to mechanical problems (I-CIO, 2011).Becoming educated on vehicle issues early in the car’s lifecycle allows Volvo to spot flaws in vehicle parts allowing them modify the manufacturing process to correct the issue (I-CIO, 2011). By applying â€Å"well-honed lean processes†, Volvo is able limit the number of part defects that reach the consumer (I-CIO, 2011). Instead of 500,000 units being impacted the issue can be stopped at the first 1000, leaving a majority of customer experience positive and brand name intact (I-CIO, 2011). â€Å"Another area where large-scale data capture and analysis is driving improvements is in safety† (I-CIO, 2011).At the safety center in in Sweden the company is performing detailed forensic examinations on Volvo’s that have been in various accidents (I-CIO, 2011). Using these examinations, Volvo can detect and analyze the timing of airbags, timing of brakin g system and weather conditions. Post analysis results allow Volvo to create software and system updates that can be loaded onto consumer vehicles ensuring that vehicles will perform better in accidents (I-CIO, 2011). Identify the real-time information systems implemented and evaluate the impact of these implementations.Post the Ford break-up in 2010, Volvo had a unique opportunity to implement a new standalone IT infrastructure. Pre implementation Volvo sought to improve data management. The company relied on IT personnel to design and generate data reports, which was slow and in-efficient (Microsoft, 2012). â€Å"Also, there [was] no central location for storing reports, so information often is distributed by sending a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet or other attachment in an email message. This means distribution is limited, and the information can be hard to find† (Microsoft, 2012).To address the various issues of quality and efficiency Volvo deployed a â€Å"solution based on Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Business Intelligence data management software and related BI technologies, including Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 and Microsoft Office 2010. One of the big reasons for choosing Microsoft is that Microsoft products are designed to work well together† (Microsoft, 2012). The impact of this implementation led to reduce costs and enhanced collaboration across various Volvo business units and departments. Argue how the Big Data strategy gives Volvo Car Corporation a competitive advantage.Being able to see into future is still impossible but using the knowledge we gain to today to make better decisions so tomorrow is better is exactly the advantage that Volvo has attained. Their Big Data strategy has allowed them analyze a variety of aspects of vehicle and consumer coexistence. From specific parts to safety Volvo is now empowered to create better overall vehicles not just initially but throughout the life of the vehicle. Big Data gives Volvo a height ened sense of collaboration from design to manufacturing to the dealership, thus giving them an edge over their competition. Works Cited I-CIO. 2011, January). Converting data into business value at volvo. Retrieved from http://www. i-cio. com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/8833/i-cio_Case_Study_Volvo. pdf Microsoft. (2012). Bi solution boosts operational efficiency and reduces costs at volvo car corporation . Retrieved from http://www. microsoft. com/casestudies/Case_Study_Detail. aspx? CaseStudyID=710000000271 Volvo Group. (2011). Collecting driving data to improve safety. Retrieved from http://www. volvogroup. com/group/global/en-gb/researchandtechnology/transport_society/enhancing_safety/collecting_data_for_safety/Pages/collecting_data_for_safety. aspx

IMC Plan.List of assumptions and Potential competitors Essay Essays

IMC Plan.List of assumptions and Potential competitors Essay Essays IMC Plan.List of assumptions and Potential competitors Essay Paper IMC Plan.List of assumptions and Potential competitors Essay Paper Ranbuild is a company in Newcastle. Australia that is in the concern of providing steel edifices. The company was formed in 1949 by Neil Statham. Ranbuild has been in this concern for about 65 old ages functioning Australian and the universe market. Initially. Ranbuild started by bring forthing managing equipment and horizontal grain sheds that were specialized ( Ranbuild. 2014 ) . Neil Statham the laminitis of Ranbuild went to Middle East in 1971 and managed to secure gross revenues of over one hundred 1000 sheds. When he returned to Australia. Neil Statham developed back to endorse C subdivision together with applied scientist Charles Resersky that would cut down three-dimensional weight for transporting. In the early70s. Ranbuidld became a public company. Subsequently on it was purchased by Acquila Group. Acquila Group subsequently on sold it to Kerry Parker. Ranbuild bought a axial rotation forming machine that would bring forth stone bolts and guard tracks. It besides gave Neil Statham back a subdivision of edifice in the concern. It was that edifice subdivision that subsequently on became R A ; N Steel Building. R A ; N Steel Buildings became what is today called Ranbuild. Ranbuild is presently bring forthing assorted merchandises and selling them to equine. domestic. rural and commercial markets. It regards itself as the ultimate leader in fancied edifice industry. Authorized traders of Ranbuild continue sharing the success and the growing of the company. In 2004. Ranbuild was purchased by Lysaght Solutions Pty Ltd. Lysaght Solutions Pty Ltd is a subordinate to the full owned by BlueScope Steel. BlueScope Steel is a edifice company that is one of the largest edifice company in Australia and bids respect because of it outstanding record or dependability. service and high quality merchandises ( Ranbuild2014 ) . Ranbuild continues to place themselves as the leaders in the market by constructing a professional image and offering quality trade name to their clients. Ranbuild has partnership with a web of traders that server their client with satisfaction. This leads to increase in profitableness every bit good as market portion to Ranbuild and other traders ( Ranbuild2014 ) . Target market Ranbuild Company targets B2B markets. This makes it necessary for Ranbuild to understand assorted features of concern industries in Singapore. For them to recognize their end they should recognize that their mark market in Singapore have different features compared to constructing industries in Australia. It is advisable for the company to analyse carefully the features of their clients in Singapore. After the analysis. Ranbuild cam mark building. existent estate development company. contractor and hardware resellers. List of premises In order to make an incorporate selling program. several premises are formed. An premise is information that is required but can non be accessed or given out easy. This means that premises may be different from the world of the state of affairs. In some instances it may reflect the state of affairs of twelvemonth 2014. It is assumed that in 2014. the demand for building and other merchandises related to building will be stable and strong in Singapore market. Ranbuild bases to profit from companies that will be seeking for building merchandises to spread out and upgrade their concern. It is assumed that over one twelvemonth. the economic system of Australia and Singapore will be stable. The stableness of an economic system has a important impact on enlargement of ( Mole. 2012 ) . The monetary values that Ranbuild charges for their merchandise are taken to be the same or at the same degree with that of Singapore market. This makes Ranbuild’s merchandise to be competitory. Due to sensitiveness of monetary values concerns are advised non to increase their monetary value above other concerns in the same market. Ranbuild’s merchandises are said to follow with safety demand in Singapore and other Torahs and ordinances. It is assumed that B2B customer’s penchant is receptive ; hence clients in Singapore will work or utilize Ranbuild merchandises. Throughout twelvemonth 2014. the fiscal position of Ranbuild. its clients in Singapore and Suppliers is said to stay stable. Monetary values charged by Ranbuild are expected to stay stable throughout the twelvemonth 2014. In Singapore. market growing and chance is said to be stable or travel to a greater degree. It is assumed that production cost is non included. Potential rivals Primary rivals Primary rivals refer to companies that have the ability of supplying about indistinguishable merchandises or services. A good illustration in building market is Ranbuild. Some of Ranbuild rivals include ; 3D Shed-n-patios 3D Shed-n-patios has been in operation for more than 23 old ages. It is a good recognized shed edifice trade name. Their quoting system gives them a batch of strength since they are able to place different tendencies and at the same clip fulfill their clients. They are able to fulfill their clients by usage of high engineering characteristics in their merchandises. 3D Shed-n-patios stuffs are backed by BlueScope Steel which at the same clip is a keeping company of Ranbuild ( 3D Sheds-n-Patios. 2014 ) . This is seen as a defect in the operations of Ranbuild. This company has been able to diversify their sheds and continues to diversify in a better manner than Ranbuild which produces fewer types of sheds. Another failing of Ranbuild is the fact that they have hapless selling scheme which can be seen from the few communications and societal networking solutions ( Clow. 2013 ) . The Shed Company It is one of the taking sheds in edifice concern. It derives its strength from its design. installations and supply. They besides have many designs that include forms and colour. However. the caducous company is presently seeking and working hard to understand and speak to their clients Queens Shed Market Queens Shed Market has over 11 old ages of experience in the edifice industry. The company has accomplished assorted diversified operations every bit good as undertakings. It gives full guarantee for all their merchandises to clients. It besides has a steadfast entree to build- in doors and other types of merchandises ( Francia. 2014 ) . Secondary rivals refer to houses that deal with merchandises or services that may be used as replacement to what Ranbuild produces. Some of the companies that may impact Ranbuild include ; 1. Parasol Steel pte ltd 2. Professional plastic Inc. Overview of selling mix Merchandise Ranbuild sell merchandises of high quality. This is because their providers. BlueScope Lysaght is known globally for covering with premium steel and merchandise ( Lysaght. 2014 ) . Quality of Ranbuild’s merchandises is widely known and it is an recognized fact that they are long lasting. Monetary value Ranbuild web site does non incorporate monetary values for their merchandises. However. their clients can inquire from their advisers in their web site the monetary value scope. Ranbuild gives a service called â€Å"Ranbuild better wage. † This option is applicable merely when one purchases merchandises that are above AU $ 500. This service enables clients to see improved convenience and besides enable them to fit it with their hard currency flows. Ranbuild better wage gives up to one twelvemonth involvement free refund period ( Ranbuild2014 ) . Topographic point Ranbuild has dealership in Singapore. This means that their merchandises are sold through authorized traders and non straight to clients. This is done throughout Australia ( Kelley. 2012 ) . Promotion Ranbuild frequently introduces new offers and new publicities that enhance client satisfaction. It besides increases trade name individuality by usage of selling tools like web site. societal media account. booklets. web logs and e-newsletter ( Ranbuild2014 ) . Ranbuild presently launched a Weaco Ice Box 2013 publicity. This is a premium ice box for orders placed between December up to February 2014 ( Ranbuild2014 ) ( Refer to Appendix1 ) Promotion mix Tradeshows Ranbuild holds tradeshows in exhibition yearly in Singapore. The intent of tradeshows is to link with their clients. stakeholders and providers that may necessitate airdock. industrial edifices. shelters and gallery. These tradeshows give their client a opportunity to measure the merchandise and its quality. They besides get a opportunity to inquire inquiries and give feedback to the company ( Chandra. 2000 ) . Newspaper Ranbuild should utilize newspapers that have a batch of adverts in building. This is a good advertisement media to make local market. It provides a good gross revenues lead since clients can read catalogs. They can bespeak gross revenues individuals to name them back and besides do purchase on web sites. Personal merchandising Personal merchandising is a good manner of making consciousness about the trade name and besides draws attending of clients to the company’s merchandise. It will besides enable Ranbuild acquire information from their clients straight. Personalized merchandising will enable Ranbuild make a specialised selling scheme in future in Singapore. Booklet This enables a company to increase the attending of their clients towards their merchandises. They besides inform clients about the merchandise inside informations. merchandise scopes and other particular offers ( Chandra. 2000 ) . Appendix 1 Mentions Brown. M. ( n. d. ) . Products. Stainless Steel Plate Supplier. Distributor A ; Stockholder. Retrieved March 1. 2014. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. brownmac. com/singapore/products/ Chandra. A. . A ; Thompson. E. ( 2000 ) . Does public substructure affect economic activity? : Evidence from the rural interstate main road system. Regional Science and Urban Economics. 30 ( 3 ) . 457-490. Clow. K. E. . A ; Baack. D. ( 2013 ) . Integrated advertisement. publicity A ; selling communications ( 6th ed. ) . Upper Saddle River. N. J. : Pearson Prentice Hall. Francia. A. ( n. d. ) . Francia Virtual Home. Sun sunglassess. Retrieved January 19. 2014. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mnjss. com/index. php Kelley. L. D. . A ; Jugenheimer. D. W. ( 2012 ) . Advertising media planning: a trade name direction attack ( 3rd ed. ) . Armonk. N. Y. : M. E. Sharpe. Lee. M. . A ; Johnson. C. ( 2012 ) . Principles of publicizing a planetary position ( 2nd ed. ) . New York: Haworth Press. Ministry of Trade and Industry. Singapore. ( 2013. February 19 ) . Economic study of Singapore 2012. Ministry of Trade and Industry. Singapore. Retrieved January 19. 2014. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mti. gov. sg/ResearchRoom/SiteAssets/Pages/Economic-Survey-of-Singapore-2012/FullReport_AES2012. pdf Beginning papers

Learn About Thermal Inversion

Learn About Thermal Inversion Temperature inversion layers also called thermal inversions or just inversion layers, are areas where the normal decrease in air temperature with increasing altitude is reversed and air above the ground is warmer than the air below it. Inversion layers can occur anywhere from close to ground level up to thousands of feet into the atmosphere. Inversion layers are significant to meteorology because they block atmospheric flow which causes the air over an area experiencing an inversion to become stable. This can then result in various types of weather patterns. More importantly, though, areas with heavy pollution are prone to unhealthy air and an increase in smog when an inversion is present because they trap pollutants at ground level instead of circulating them away. Causes of Temperature Inversions Normally, air temperature decreases at a rate of 3.5Â °F for every 1000 feet (or roughly 6.4Â °C for every kilometer) you climb into the atmosphere. When this normal cycle is present, it is considered an unstable air mass and air constantly flow between the warm and cool areas. As such the air is better able to mix and spread around pollutants. During an inversion episode, temperatures increase with increasing altitude. The warm inversion layer then acts as a cap and stops atmospheric mixing. This is why inversion layers are called stable air masses. Temperature inversions are a result of other weather conditions in an area. They occur most often when a warm, less dense air mass moves over a dense, cold air mass. This can happen for example when the air near the ground rapidly loses its heat on a clear night. In this situation, the ground becomes cooled quickly while the air above it retains the heat the ground was holding during the day. Additionally, temperature inversions occur in some coastal areas because upwelling of cold water can decrease surface air temperature and the cold air mass stays under warmer ones. Topography can also play a role in creating a temperature inversion since it can sometimes cause cold air to flow from mountain peaks down into valleys. This cold air then pushes under the warmer air rising from the valley, creating the inversion. In addition, inversions can also form in areas with significant snow cover because the snow at ground level is cold and its white color reflects almost all heat coming in. Thus, the air above the snow is often warmer because it holds the reflected energy. Consequences of Temperature Inversions Some of the most significant consequences of temperature inversions are the extreme weather conditions they can sometimes create. One example of these is freezing rain. This phenomenon develops with a temperature inversion in a cold area because snow melts as it moves through the warm inversion layer. The precipitation then continues to fall and passes through the cold layer of air near the ground. When it moves through this final cold air mass it becomes super-cooled (cooled below freezing without becoming solid). The supercooled drops then become ice when they land on items like cars and trees and the result is freezing rain or an ice storm. Intense thunderstorms and tornadoes are also associated with inversions because of the intense energy that is released after an inversion blocks an area’s normal convection patterns. Smog Although freezing rain, thunderstorms, and tornadoes are significant weather events, one of the most important things impacted by an inversion layer is smog. This is the brownish-gray haze that covers many of the world’s largest cities and is a result of dust, auto exhaust, and industrial manufacturing. Smog is impacted by the inversion layer because it is in essence, capped when the warm air mass moves over an area. This happens because the warmer air layer sits over a city and prevents the normal mixing of cooler, denser air. The air instead becomes still and over time the lack of mixing causes pollutants to become trapped under the inversion, developing significant amounts of smog. During severe inversions that last over long periods, smog can cover entire metropolitan areas and cause respiratory problems for the inhabitants of those areas. In December 1952, for example, such an inversion occurred in London. Because of the cold December weather at the time, Londoners began to burn more coal, which increased air pollution in the city. Since the inversion was present over the city at the same time, these pollutants became trapped and increased London’s air pollution. The result was the Great Smog of 1952 that was blamed for thousands of deaths. Like London, Mexico City has also experienced problems with smog that have been exacerbated by the presence of an inversion layer. This city is infamous for its poor air quality but these conditions are worsened when warm sub-tropical high-pressure systems move over the city and trap air in the Valley of Mexico. When these pressure systems trap the valley’s air, pollutants are also trapped and intense smog develops. Since 2000, Mexicos government has developed a ten-year plan aimed at reducing ozone and particulates released into the air over the city. London’s Great Smog and Mexico’s similar problems are extreme examples of smog being impacted by the presence of an inversion layer. This is a problem all over the world though and cities like Los Angeles, California; Mumbai, India; Santiago, Chile; and Tehran, Iran, frequently experience intense smog when an inversion layer develops over them. Because of this, many of these cities and others are working to reduce their air pollution. To make the most of these changes and to reduce smog in the presence of a temperature inversion, it’s important to first understand all aspects of this phenomenon, making it an important component of the study of meteorology, a significant sub-field within geography.