The Death Penalty Debate Essay -- capital punishment, 2015

The terminal penalization issue is obviously a divisive atomic number 53. But whether one is for or against, you can not deny the basic illogic - if we know the system is flawed, if we know there are innocent people on oddment Row, then until the system is reformed, should we not abandon the death penalty to protect those who are innocent?--Richard LaGravenese In the United States the death penalty is used as a punishment for pileus offenses. These specifically can vary from state to state, but commonly include first-degree murder, murder with special circumstances, rape with additional bodied harm, and the federal crime of treason. (Facts) The goal of the death penalty then, is to deter these crimes from even taking place, to be so feared that offenders think twice about committing such flagitious crimes. But does it? In the following paper, the above question will attempt to be answered by looking at the background of capital punishment and the death penalty, the ideas behin d it, viable alternatives, and finally, the effectiveness of the death penalty at deterring crime. Early death penalty laws date back to the Eighteenth Century B.C.. The death penalty also had a heavy presence in the Fourteenth Century Hittite Code, the Seventh Century Draconian Code of Athens, and the Fifth Century roman print Law of the Twelve Tablets. (History, 1) Today, thirty-four states in the United States of America still practice the death penalty as a means of punishment for capital offenses and heinous crimes. The death penalty debate is one that Americans are no strangers to it has been abolished and repealed numerous times throughout our history. Two of the first influential cases dates back to 1968, US v. Jackson and Witherspoon v. Illinois. In each ... ...1. Facts About the Death Penalty. The Death Penalty nurture Center. 16 July 2011. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. History of the Death Penalty. Death Penalty Information Center. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. Kovandzic, Tomislav V., Lyn ne M. Vieraitis, and Denise Paquette Boots. Does the death penalty save lives?. Criminology & Public Policy 8.4 (2009) 803-843. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. International Standards on the Death Penalty free pardon International. Amnesty International. Amnesty International, 1 Jan. 2006. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Welcome to the United Nations Its Your World. Web. 18 Oct. 2011 In U.S., Support for Death Penalty Falls to 39-Year Low. Gallup.Com - cursory News, Polls, Public Opinion on Government, Politics, Economics, Management. 13 Oct. 2011. Web. 17 Oct. 2011

The Importance of Emilia in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- GCSE Course

The Importance of Emilia in Shakespeares OthelloIn Othello the bind, Shakespeare combines destiny with a fatal pillowcase break and that flaw is jealousy. Shakespeares tragedy allows one purpose to hold the key to the entire web he has spun and that character is Emilia. Emilia is the lone character who garners the knowledge to all quite a little of the events surrounding the characters in Othello the Moor. Although other characters in the play are privy to certain details of the unfolding events, Emilia is the character that uses this knowledge to the benefit of the play. Emilias character is minor yet necessary. Without her character the play would engage no means of unraveling the confusion created by the author. Emilia, wife of Iago, should be questioned of her loyalty and commitment to both her save and her dear friend, Desdemona. The character of Emilia has only eight short parts in the play and of those parts only two are with the lead character of Othello. Her characte r only interacts with Iago and Desdemona. The first encounter between Othello and Emilia is in Act IV, Scene II. Emilia assures Othello of Desdemonas true love and faithful manner. Othello questioned Emilia You have seen nothing, then? Nor ever heard, nor ever did suspect. (Shakespeare, Act IV, Scene II, page 1107) replied Emilia. Emilia is telling the truth. She knows for a fact that Desdemona has been faithful to her husband and that she loves him wholly. But in Shakespeares elan of character development Emilia is playing coy to the fact that her husband has lead Othello to believe differently. Emilia is now the only character to have influence interaction with Othello, Desdemona and her husband and be knowledgeable of her hu... ... got to be assumed as a fateful event. As Shakespeare said, It is not in the stars to hold our destiny tho in ourselves. Works Cited and Consulted Bayley, John. Shakespeare and Tragedy. Boston Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1981. Bradley, A. C.. Shake spearean Tragedy. New York Penguin, 1991. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes. New York Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Di Yanni, Robert. Emilias Character Revealed Through Dialogue. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p. Random House, 1986. Kermode, Frank. Othello, the Moor of Venice. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston, MA Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of Nebraska Press, 1993.

In Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit the main character feels Essa

In Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit the main character feelsbetrayed by others. Compargon how feelings of treason are shown in thisstory and another story of your choice.a) The elans in which the main character is let down by others.b) How the authors show the feelings of betrayal by the way in which they write.c) Differences in the stories.I am going to talk about themes of betrayal, comparing Superman andPaula Browns New Snowsuit and Chemistry. In both of these stories, well-nigh characters are betrayed. The narrator in Superman and PaulaBrowns New Snowsuit is betrayed by her community when they think sheis guilty of pushing over Paula Brown and ruining her mod coat. She mat especially betrayed by her Uncle Frank, whom she compares withSuperman, as he is her hero in the story. When he does not believeher, she describes it as the year the war began and the real world,and the difference. The experience taught her lesson, and tag theend of her childhood. In Chemistry, it is Grandfather, who isbetrayed by his daughter and Ralph. The narrator, his widowed motherand grandfather once lived together in harmony in the grandfathershouse. Their harmony is dotty by the arrival of Ralph, hismothers boyfriend. Grandfather becomes increasingly isolated when hisdaughter and Ralph are mean to him so he retires to his shed, andeventually commits suicide, leaving the others to begin a new life.The stories are both about themes of betrayal, and at the same timeare very contrasting stories. Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuitis about more trivial things, a Snowsuit being ruined, but it wasimportant to the narrator because it showed her the real world, andtaught... ...s much more factual whereas the other is moreopinionated and uses much more metaphors and similes. The expression ofChemistry is such that it always seems to keep to the point, andwhen at that place are sometimes long descriptions about things which do notseem t first important, there always seems t o be a hidden meaningbehind them, for example the door to the shed which symbolised a stepout or half way out of life for Grandfather. In Superman and PaulaBrowns New Snowsuit there are a lot of things which do not have muchsignificance to the story, and which minimal brain dysfunction more detail to just set thescene he taught me some ju-jitsu in the living room until mothercalled us for supper. They have some similarities, they are bothabout relationships between family, and about their childhoods. Theyare also about changes in their lives and in the way they look atlife.

Comparison of Michelangelo8217s and Bernini8217s Davids Essay example -

Comparison of Michelangelo8217s and Bernini8217s DavidsThe greatest artist has no conception which a single closedown of marble does not potentially contain within its mass, but only a hand obedient to the point can penetrate to this image.Michelangelo describes in the preceding(prenominal) quote what it is like to carve a likeness of a person pop of a large block of marble. As we know from seeing his work, he did an excellent job with this task. Bernini did just as fine a job on his, but in a much different way as you will see in the following pages.MichelangeloMichelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy, a tiny village, possess by the nearby city-state of Florence. His father was the mayor. He attended school in Florence, but he was preoccupied by art. When he was 13, his father agreed to apprentice him to some well-known painters in Florence. Michelangelo was unsatisfied with these artists, because they would not teach him their artistic secrets. He went to work under another sculptor hired by Lorenzo de Medici.When Michelangelo was 21, he went to Rome, where he was commissioned to carve a group of marble statues showing the Virgin Mary supporting the dead Christ on her knees. His sculpture was called bloody shame Della Pieta, and it made Michelangelo famous. A few geezerhood later, in 1501, he accepted a commission for a statue of David. He took on the challenge of carving this fair work out of a coarse oblong chunk of pure white unflawed Carrara marble some 18 feet high and weighing several(prenominal) tons - that had been badly block out and then abandoned by an earlier sculptor (Coughlan 85). This piece had always fascinated Michelangelo, but neither he, nor anyone else, could estimate of what to carve from it, until now (Coughlan 85). Thus began a new era in art, the High spiritual rebirth.He began carving this statue for the city of Florence. It would become a symbol of this city, a city willing to take on all comers in defense of its liberty (Coughlan 91). The statue acquired this meaning by the way Michelangelo depicted this biblical character. Instead of presenting us with the winner of the battle, with the giants power point at his feet and a sword in his hand like Donatello did many years sooner, he portrays David right before the battle begins. David is in the moment where his heap are hesitating and Goliath is mocking him. He is placed... ...that will live on forever, just as their names and sculptures will.Works CitedCeysson, Bernard. Sculpture The Great impost of Sculpture from the Fifteenth Century to the Eighteenth Century. untested York Rizzloi International Publications, Inc, 1987.Coughlan, Robert. The World of Michelangelo1475-1564. New York Time-Life Books, 1966.Gilbert, Creighton. Michelangelo. New York McGraw-Hill Books Co, 1967.Hartt, Frederick. Michelangelo The Complete Sculpture. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc.Heusinger, Lutz. The Library of Great know Michelangelo. New York Riverside Book Co, 1989.http//www.geocities.com/Vienna/Choir/4792/david.htmlhttp//www.murrayco.com/eleganza/238David.htmlhttp//www.arthistory.sbc.edu/euroart/117euroart/berninidavid.htmlJanson, H. W. History of Art. 4th ed. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1991.Keutner, Herbert. Sculpture Renaissance to Rococo A History of western sandwich Sculpture. Greenwich, CT New York Graphic Society, 1969.Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1995.Wallace, Robert. The World of Bernini 1598-1680. New York Time-Life Books, 1970. Comparison of Michelangelo8217s and Bernini8217s Davids Essay example -Comparison of Michelangelo8217s and Bernini8217s DavidsThe greatest artist has no conception which a single block of marble does not potentially contain within its mass, but only a hand obedient to the mind can penetrate to this image.Michelangelo describes in the above quote what it is like to carve a likeness of a person out of a large block of marble. As we know from seeing his work, he did an excellent job with this task. Bernini did just as fine a job on his, but in a much different way as you will see in the following pages.MichelangeloMichelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy, a tiny village, owned by the nearby city-state of Florence. His father was the mayor. He attended school in Florence, but he was preoccupied by art. When he was 13, his father agreed to apprentice him to some well-known painters in Florence. Michelangelo was unsatisfied with these artists, because they would not teach him their artistic secrets. He went to work under another sculptor hired by Lorenzo de Medici.When Michelangelo was 21, he went to Rome, where he was commissioned to carve a group of marble statues showing the Virgin Mary supporting the dead Christ on her knees. His sculpture was called Madonna Della Pieta, and it made Michelangelo famous. A few years later, in 1501, he accepted a commission for a statue of David. He took on the challenge of carving this beautiful work out of a huge oblong chunk of pure white unflawed Carrara marble some 18 feet high and weighing several tons - that had been badly block out and then abandoned by an earlier sculptor (Coughlan 85). This piece had always fascinated Michelangelo, but neither he, nor anyone else, could think of what to carve from it, until now (Coughlan 85). Thus began a new era in art, the High Renaissance.He began carving this statue for the city of Florence. It would become a symbol of this city, a city willing to take on all comers in defense of its liberty (Coughlan 91). The statue acquired this meaning by the way Michelangelo depicted this biblical character. Instead of presenting us with the winner of the battle, with the giants head at his feet and a sword in his hand like Donatello did many years before, he portrays David right before the battle begins. David is in the moment where his people are hesitating and Goliath is mocking him. He is placed... ...that will live on forever, just as their names and sculptures will.Works CitedCeysson, Bernard. Sculpture The Great Tradition of Sculpture from the Fifteenth Century to the Eighteenth Century. New York Rizzloi International Publications, Inc, 1987.Coughlan, Robert. The World of Michelangelo1475-1564. New York Time-Life Books, 1966.Gilbert, Creighton. Michelangelo. New York McGraw-Hill Books Co, 1967.Hartt, Frederick. Michelangelo The Complete Sculpture. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc.Heusinger, Lutz. The Library of Great Masters Michelangelo. New York Riverside Book Co, 1989.http//www.geocities.com/Vienna/Choir/4792/david.htmlhttp//www.murrayco.com/eleganza/238David.htmlhttp//www.arthistory.sbc.edu/euroart/117euroart/berninidavid.htmlJanson, H. W. History of Art. 4th ed. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1991.Keutner, Herbert. Sculpture Renaissance to Rococo A History of Western Sculpture. Greenwich, CT New York Graphic So ciety, 1969.Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1995.Wallace, Robert. The World of Bernini 1598-1680. New York Time-Life Books, 1970.

My Trip to the Philippines :: Philippines Vacation Personal Narrative Essays

My Trip to the PhilippinesIn September 1989, when I was 11 year old, I came to Philippines during my shortvacation. My father brought the whole family, also my cousin Jimmy. We spent 5days in the Philippines. During these five days, I realized that there were manydifferences between Taiwan and the Philippines. The most difference was culture.Peoples language, behavior and also they are riant go lucky.The first problem I faced was the language problem. Philippine was ruled bySpanish long time ago. Most of Filipino could chatter Spanish. I could not speaktheir language and also English, so what ever they said I just acted like stupid.I still remembered when I went to Cebu, in the hotel, the waiter came in to askme something about my room. First, I was shock, then I used Chinese to dressher. The waiter was miscellany too. She started using Spanish, Japanese, French toanswer me, but he never used Chinese. If he used Chinese, then that will be thetime for me to reply. I run to my fath ers room, crying, and telling thatsomeone is in my room and I doesnt know why he was there. After my fathersolved the problem for me. We were all laughing about it.My father said, In the Philippines, have with hands are their culture, youwill never see this in Taiwan. In Taiwan, everybody use chopsticks to eat.Nobody will use spoon and folk to eat, because thats a kind of labored. Just likemy first time used the spoon and folk. I doesnt know either to use my left handto hold spoon or use my right hand.People have longer weekend than Taiwan. Both Sunday and Saturday are theirweekend. In Taiwan, we can only have Sunday and fractional Saturday. For adults, theyeven only have Sunday to rest. Thats unfair to adults. They should have longerweekend then kids, because they worked so hard. So, adults most be exhaustedafter hard work.People are happy go lucky. They wouldnt care much money they earn each day.They wanted to have better life than earning more money. Whenever they got aserious problem, like no place to overnight, they were try to find a place to

My Trip to the Philippines :: Philippines Vacation Personal Narrative Essays

My Trip to the PhilippinesIn September 1989, when I was 11 year old, I came to Philippines during my improvidentvacation. My father brought the whole family, also my cousin Jimmy. We spent 5days in the Philippines. During these five days, I realized that there were manydifferences between chinaw be and the Philippines. The most difference was culture.Peoples language, behavior and also they are happy go lucky.The first trouble I faced was the language problem. Philippine was ruled bySpanish long time ago. Most of Filipino could speak Spanish. I could not speaktheir language and also English, so what ever they said I just acted like stupid.I still remembered when I went to Cebu, in the hotel, the waiter came in to askme something about my room. First, I was shock, therefore I used Chinese to answerher. The waiter was kind too. She started using Spanish, Japanese, French toanswer me, but he never used Chinese. If he used Chinese, then that will be thetime for me to reply. I run to my fathers room, crying, and telling thatsomeone is in my room and I doesnt know why he was there. After my fathersolved the problem for me. We were all laughing about it.My father said, In the Philippines, eating with hands are their culture, youwill never see this in Taiwan. In Taiwan, everybody use chopsticks to eat. zilch will use spoon and folk to eat, because thats a kind of hard. Just likemy first time used the spoon and folk. I doesnt know every to use my left handto hold spoon or use my right hand.People have longer weekend than Taiwan. Both Sunday and Saturday are theirweekend. In Taiwan, we can only have Sunday and half Saturday. For adults, theyeven only have Sunday to rest. Thats unfair to adults. They should have longerweekend then kids, because they worked so hard. So, adults most be exhaustedafter hard work.People are happy go lucky. They wouldnt care much money they earn to each one day.They wanted to have better life than earning more money. Whenever they got aser ious problem, like no place to overnight, they were try to find a place to

The mystic drum

Lyrics (2011). Afri crumb Studies Faculty Publication Series. Paper 12. Http//schoolwork. Numb. Deed/African_faculty_pubs/1 2 This Article Is brought to you for free and open doorway by the African Studies at Schoolwork at Amass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in African Studies Faculty Publication Series by an legitimate administrator of Schoolwork at Amass Boston. For more information, please contact library. emailprotected Deed. The unavowed wad Critical Comwork forcetary on Gabriel gumbo soils Love Lyrics Checksum O geographical zone, PhD Professor of African & African Diaspora LiteraturesIntroduction In the course of reading a chapter entitled Empty and Marvelous In Alan Watts fascinating book, The Way of Zen (1 957), a serendipitous key was provided, by the following statement from the teachings of Chinese Zen master,l suffer Yuan Weighing (1067-1120), to the structure and meaning of the experience traumatized in Gabriel okras most famous making love poem, T he Mystic Drum 2 Before I had studied Zen for thirty years, I saw mountains as mountains and waters as waters.When I arrived at a more intimate knowledge, I came to the point where I saw the mountains atomic number 18 not at rest. For its tho now that I see mountains formerly once once again as mountains and waters once again as waters. What is so readily striking to anyone who has read The Mystic Drum is the near perfect dynamic comparing surrounded by the intelligence agencys of Aching Yen and the phraseology of Okras row.In line with Aching Yuans statement, the lyric f each(prenominal)s into three clearly defined parts?an initial kind of conventional knowledge, when men are men and fishes are fishes (lines 1-15) a median phase of more intimate knowledge, when men are no longer men and fishes are no longer fishes (lines 16-26) and a final hash of substantial knowledge, when men are once again men and fishes are once again fishes, with the difference that at this phase, t he belove lady of the lyric is depicted as standing behind a tree with her lips parted in her smile, now rancid cavity belching darkness (lines 27-41).The significance of this closing phrase will be discussed in the appropriate slot in the final section of the paper, below. precisely because of the complexity of the somary and symbolism by means of which progression of the lovers understanding of the nature of humans is developed, it seems necessary to visit the lyric in its entirety forwards proceeding to a phase-bypass analysis of its structure The mystic drumfish beat in my inside(a) and fishes bounced in the rivers and men and women danced on land to the rhythm of my drum But standing behind a tree with leaves around her waist she only smiled with a shake of her head. One of the major schools of Buddhism that originated in 12th- coulomb China with veritable strongholds in India and Japan, Zen strongly emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and vehemently denies the value of conventional thinking in favor of an attempt to understand the paradoxes of reality by direct pointing unfettered by what it sees as arbitrary tai sciencedary compartmentalizing of phenomena.Since the middle of the twentieth-century, the exciting and fresh insights provided by Zen masters read been a source of inspiration for many non- Asian writers, artists and intellectuals throughout the world, especially in North America. 2 The defer commentary is a revised and updated version of a paper originally entitled Zen in African Poetry Gabriel Okras The Mystic Drum and shared privately with several of my students and academic colleagues at Abidjan, Lagos and nausea (Nigeria) and Boston (Massachusetts), USA.Checksum Ozone / The Mystic Drum Critical Commentary angoras Love Poetry 2 rippling the air with quickened tempo compelling the quick and the dead to dance and sing with their shadows? Then the drum beat with the rhythm of the things of the ground and invoked the eye of the sky the sun and the moonlight and the river gods and the trees began to dance, the fishes turned men and men turned fishes and things stop to grow? 10 15 20 25 And then the mystic drum in my inside stopped to beat? and men became men, fishes became fishes and trees, the sun and the moon found their places, and the dead .NET to the ground and things began to grow.And behind the tree she stood with roots sprouting from her feet and leaves growing on her head and smoke issuing from her nose and her lips parted in her smile Then, then I packed my mystic drum and turned away never to beat so loud any more. 35 Aching Yuans Zen experience is epistemological?pertaining to a step-by-step initiation of the passionate lover into an understanding of the nature of reality, in particular the foundations, scope, and validity of knowledge (Online Enchant).It can thus be surmised that The Mystic Drum is not Just a conventional amatory lyric, revoked by the storm and stress of Okras passionate love for his love and adorable second wife (an African-American with Caribbean roots, ball field Carmichael, who died in Port Harcourt in 1983). 3 It is more decidedly a philosophical poem in which the dynamics, directions and management of the mystic drum of passion that beats in the poets inside are dramatically reenacted, in a tripartite ritual and initiatory invention reminiscent of Aching Yen.From a conventional phase, at which the lovers understanding 3 Okras first wife, a fellow Jog from the Niger Delta and the mother of his son, Dry. Ebb Okra?a clinical psychologist in Randolph, Massachusetts, who lives in Canton, Massachusetts?was divorced when Ebb was only two years old. There is hardly an reference to her in either Okras lyrics or interviews. Nor do we have any information about the cause of her separation from Okra. Of the nature of knowledge conforms to socially accepted customs of behavior or demeanor (lines 1-15), the lovers progresses through a more intimate phase , at which this knowledge matures from a close, thoroughgoing, personalized relationship (lines 16-26), to an ultimate substantial phase, situated in the optimum zone of epistemological perception, at which what the lover has come know about the nature of reality is not only solidly built but considerable in amount or importance (lines 27-41), culminating in the lovers self-imposed decision not to allow his mystic drum ever to beat so loud so loud any more (line 41).The poem concludes, in other words, with a firm decision by the lover to put strong reins on the uncurbed flights of his amatory imagination, having become wizened by the knowledge and experience he has acquired. Because the tropes (mystic, drum, and inside), two of which appear in he title of the present paper, are recurrent in all of Okras love lyrics (Diamond, To Pave, and The Mystic Drum), it seems necessary to pause awhile to reflect on their meaning and significance.For Okra, the word mystic is and so connotative of the spiritual, the numinous, the magical, the supernatural, and the shamanistic. But it is more meaningful as a poetic code for the supervisory powers that enable the human personality to tap into hidden strengths inhumed in the innermost recesses of the psyche. In addition to any other signification carried over by the poet from his he theories of Swiss psychiatrist and founder of Analytical Psychology, Carl Gustavo Jung (1875-1961), as comprising the collective unconscious?the innermost recesses of the psyche, populated by archaic or primordial images which Jung calls archetypes and which, as he posits, are shared in common by all humankind. See Ozone (1981), for a more detailed discussion of the collective unconscious and its archetypes, with reference to the rhyme of Okras transnational, modernist, contemporary, Christopher Skibob (193()-1967).This innermost train of the psyche is operated from the outermost level?the conscious mind (the seat of our everyday thoughts and emotions) ?by the personal unconscious (the seat of repressed traumatic personal experiences or complexes which may be re-lived by the individual if and whenever memories of the original trauma that gave birth to the complex are put forwardned by new trauma of the same kind). In its relation to mystic and inside, the word drum, in Okra, generally refers to the vibes felt by an individual when there is an intense surge of unconscious promptings from any of the two levels of his inside. Further research is needed to ascertain the consistency f all these with the idea of the inside in Okras native Jog language and traditional system of thought. In The Mystic Drum as well as in Diamond (a lyric withal provoked by Okras love for Ms. Carmichael) and in To Pave (a lyric provoked by the fire and flame of an unrequited love for a mysterious paramour about whom Okra is most reticent to say anything in interviews with him), the intensity of these subconscious psychic pulsations much reach es fever pitch.The three lyrics are thus not only of enormous interest as conventional love lyrics, fusing the commonalities of oral-wide traditions of love poetry and the peculiarities of indigenous African love songs performed as part of moonlight dances they are also worthy of critical analysis as a windows into Okras struggle for reconciliation with the presiding lady of his poetic inspiration, his muse.The muse has been described as the source of inspiration that stimulates the art of a poet. In postcolonial discourse, it has been studied as an archetypical female visualise (watermark, great mother, earth goddess, water goddess, and dancer) embodying cultural nationalist affections and idealizations of the colonized earth of the poets Malden (see Thomas, 1968, and Ozone, in Nonnumeric, 2011).As I have stated in the later citation, 4 For the purposes of the present paper, I retain my earlier understanding of psyche (Ozone, 1981 30) as the innateity of the non-physical compo nents of the human personality (extrapolated from Jung, 1959). 5 In this paper, I use the terms traumatic and trauma to refer to emotional shock or an extremely distressing experience that causes severe emotional shock and may have long-lasting psychological effects (online Enchant). Jung defines complexes as psychic entities that have escaped from the control of unconsciousness and split from it, to lead a separate existence in the dark sphere of the psyche, consequently they may at any time hinder or help the conscious performance (see 7 see Ozone (2006 and 2011). 4 The idea of the muse is often invoked in the scholarship on modern Nigerian literature but it is often shrouded with a mystique that tends to reduce it to something abstract or far-fetched, or, at any rate, to a kind of African imitation of the classical muses of Garage-Roman antiquity.But our renascent muse was not only concrete and manifest in our postcolonial practical engagement with our indigenous ultras she was also an embodiment of the highest cultural ideals of our ancestral traditions as we perceived them in the heyday of colonialism. She appeared to each and every one of us in multifarious guises. But any(prenominal) her emanation was, she was unmistakably a personification of the earth of our ancestors?the earth goddess, Ala, the supreme light (chi) that nurtures all creation, an embodiment of the eternal bond that unites the living and the dead.When our early pious poems to this great spirit and those of our predecessors and successors are collected and published, traders will be better able to understand the ramifications of the power of this great goddess who appeared to us, as to our predecessors in the early sasss (Skibob, Window, And, Egged, Insanely, Majoring, Okapi, Kook, etc), as a dancer, spirit maiden, water maid, and other exciting feminine figures?in all cases as embodiments of our communal and individual apperception of the superiority of our indigenous cultural herit age to every single superimposition of the postcolonial order.Like Skibob and other members of the Nausea school of modern Nigerian poetry (see Thomas, 1968 and 1972 Cherub, in Landforms, 1973 and 1974 and Modulator, 1980), Okra is a votary of the watermark or mermaid, whose inspirational songs we key in The Fishermans Invocation ( class II and Ill) as the voice of a presiding lady (or ladies) of poesy whose presence and participation are repeatedly invoked to mediate the claims of the what is departure (the ass), is passing (the Present) and to come (the Front).In Part II (The Invocation), the water song of an assembly of mermaid in linked with the midwifes that would officiate in the delivery of the Child-Front the brave new world beyond colonialism)?rubbing gently down/the back of the great mother past ( gage), symbolizing age-old traditions O midwifes rub gently down the back of your Back while the sun play his play and the Back dance its dance and assembly of mermaids sing t heir bubbling water song beneath the river waves.And in Part Ill (The Child-Front), the mermaids are invoked to participate in the shaping of the future as cleansing agencies that must carry On their songs and embarrassing negatives of the pre-colonial past) rearing up its suffering head from a anatomically cherished past, in a situational irony reminiscent of Whole Sayings early ritual drama, Dance of the Forests (1960) Where are your Gods now Gods of the Back that have brought forth this monster? Throw it away, throw it into the river and let the mermaids carry it on their songs.Throw it away to the Back and let the Back swallow it in its abysm And let the Gods remember their lives are in my hands In these lines, the Gods of the Back (past) that have/brought forth this monster (embarrassing negatives of Africans pre-colonial history) are reminded on he Jog custom known as uremia, in which?as traumatized in The Revolt of the Gods?the fate of the gods, which are traditional in the hands of their worshippers, must be determined by humans in accordance with their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their providential conduct.In concluding, in Part IV (Birth Dance of the Child Front), the songs of mermaids are 5 given felicitate of place in finale of our dance/ of the Front (of the future), again stressing the primacy of the muse as an agency for shaping the future of a troubled land Lets elicit our dance of the Front with rhythms of the Back and strengthen he fragile songs of the new with songs of mermaids Much later, in his mature post-war, political poetry set at the vegetable marrow of the future envisioned in The Fishermans Invocation and collected under the title The Dreamer, His Vision (2006), the mermaid reappears in Mamma Water and Me as the presiding lady of the poets anguished squawk for succor in the midst of the triumph of disorder (embers.. Moldering, in memoriam ashes, flames I cannot temper, whirling vortex, helpless) in post-civil war Niger ia The embers are smoldering?once again? Theyve refused to die into in memoriam ashes. And have burst into flames I cannot temper. They draw into their whirling vortex, helpless? Mamma-water & me. There we stand, hand in hand, Like Starch and company, the faithful, calmly waiting for the redeeming flames Then we shall step out with solemn steps To silence offended eyebrows and daggered tongues and walk on calm waters?still, serene? thaw Clinched by the refrain (Mamma-water and me), the poet expresses strong optimism that, by keeping faith (standing hand in hand) with his muse, redeeming flames that would effect the cleansing and free us of earthly dross would surely mom in the end.By contrast to Mamma-water (a supernatural being under whose divine shadow the poet appears helpless to offer anything but total devotion), Diamond and Pave are human objects of love to whom Okra, in his love lyrics, projects the archetype of the muse in an unconscious recognition of their place in his in side as his soul mates or psychic alter egos (representing, from the Jungian psychological perspective, his anima). The anima, for Jung, is one of the most powerful archetypes of the collective unconscious that participates in the all-important(prenominal) process of individuation. As med up in my essay on Skibob and Jung (Ozone, 1981 37), the anima is the primordial image of woman in a man, a counterpart of the animus, the primordial image of man engraved on the mind of a woman. The anima appears in dreams, visions and fantasies as in literature and myth in the form of a mother, a loved one, a goddess, a siren, a prostitute and an enchantress, or a femme fetal.The impact of these latent images of woman can be as destructive to the psychic wellness of the man who projects them as they can be beneficent. They often give rise to an obsessive pursuit of the elusive and the intractable. Because of their appearance in the mind of the poet in forms lucid with the well-established charact eristics of the archetype of the anima, Diamond and Pave tend to feature in Okras lyrics in patterns of relationships reminiscent of the kinds of poet-muse relationships described by Robert Graves in The White Goddess (1959) and exemplified in the sprightliness and poetry of Okras contemporary, Christopher Skibob (1930-1967).As Skibob learned from his reading of Graves, and as parsed by Among (1972), one phase in the relationship between the muse-poet and his goddess-woman is that in which the toe becomes more consciously informed of cruelty. This lesson, also learnt by Okra and 6 embodied in the myths of The Mystic Drum, Diamond, and To Pave, is writ large in the imagery and symbolism of Skibobs second sequence, Limits, especially Limits IV in which the beloved female figure metamorphoses into a ferocious lioness that gores the over-excited lover to death or, at any rate, tranquilizer him into an unconscious state from which he would awake to complete the writing of the poem at h and with a mature mind truly informed by experience An image insists From flag impel of the heartHer image distracts Oblong-headed lioness? No shield is proof against her? Wound me, O sea-weed Face, blinded like a strong-room? Distances of her armpit-fragrance Turn chloroform enough for my patience? When you have finished & done up my stitches, Wake me near the altar, & this poem will be finished (Limits V, lines 71-84) Thus, as stated in The White Goddess, Being in love does not and should not, blind the poet to the cruel side of womans nature?and many muse-poems are written in helpless attestation of this by men whose love is not longer returned (Graves, 1959 91). As stated above, this archetypal pattern is amply reenacted in Okras To Pave, Diamond, and The Mystic Drum. In To Pave, the fire and flames of passion reduce everything between the lover and the beloved into ashes And as before the fire smolders in water, continually smoldering beneath the ashes with things I dare not t ell erupting from the hackneyed scholarship of the beginning. For they die in the telling. So let them be. Let them smolder. Let them smolder in the living fire beneath the ashes. Through the infusion of the myths of the hackneyed lore / of the ginning (evoking the sexual overtones of the relationship between Adam and Eve in Dens farm, as subtly recreated by Michael Cherub in his early lyric, Sophia (see Ozone, 2011) his personal story, Okras To Pave is transformed into an archetypal tale of poet-muse relationship as predicted in Graves theory of poetry.Not surprisingly, in Diamond, the poet-spouse-and-lover presents itself as one in which the artist is possessed by the divine afflatus, theorized in his treatise, On the Sublime, as the primary source of inspiration for poets, by the Greek teacher f rhetoric and literary critic, Longings (ca. 1st or 3rd century AD). Akin to the notion of spirit arrest, in transatlantic African communities in the Caribbean and the Americas, the idea of the divine afflatus is common among the Jog and elsewhere in Africa where artistic and master copy creativity is often attributed to possession by a deity of madness and creativity such as Gaga (the patron of medicine-men), among the Gobo (See Mum, 2009).The speaker in Diamond is not only maddened by his love but clearly possessed by the Jog congener of the Gobo deity of creative madness, Gaga eke its say a madman hears I hear trees talking like its said a medicine man hears. Like ABA, the hero of Herman Melville Mobs Dick, he is not Just maddened by his monomaniac complex (or neurotic fixation of on a single passion), he is indeed madness maddened. But Okras wifeless is imbued with the kind of tortuous backwardness that has provoked, in global amatory poetry, some of the most sublime evocations of the cruelty of the rose (in other words, the cruelty of the alluring object of love, as depicted in Skibobs Limits V, quoted above). She is singularly unyielding And I raised my ha nd? y trembling hand, gripping my heart as handkerchief and waved and waved-and waved but she turned her eyes away.The reader who turns to The Mystic Drum from Diamond and To Pave will immediately recognize the reification of the tension between the lover and the beloved as an extended fiction for the exploration of something that lies in the pits of epistemology, already defined above as the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge, in particular its foundations, scope, and validity. Far beyond the realms of the tremulous stirrings of the love-struck heart, the lyric takes us into he highest cerebral realms of abstruse philosophy. As the poets muse, the beloved is not only the presiding lady of the poets art but his link to the ultimate source all knowledge of reality?his link to the world beyond the quotidian, the wellspring of true knowledge of the essence of reality.From a deep structure analysis of the meaning of the poem, it seems homely that the epistemolo gical underpinnings of The Mystic Drum go well beyond the culture wars of African postcolonial nationalist search for identity through such ideologies as Negritude, pan Africans, the search or the African Personality, the African Renascent Movement, and the like. The deft modernist deployment of tropes in the poem is one that cuts across cultural and national boundaries, inviting comparison with systems of thought which Okra himself may not have ever even contemplated, including the statement from the Zen philosopher Aching Yen, with which the present commentary begins. There is, of course, no intention here to signal that Okra was directly influenced by the oriental philosophy of Zen or that he was schooled under any Zen master.Although I have enjoyed close personal friendship with Okra since 1967 and have elsewhere remarked on the Zen mode of apperception in his poetry (Ozone, 1991), it never occurred to me to ask him about any contact he may have had with Zen philosophy as I di d not think that it was necessarily of any value to establish any such a contact, until my most recent interview with him at the University of Massachusetts, Boston (August, 2011). After listening attentively to my reading of Zen master. Aching Yuans statement with which the present article begins, Okra readily agreed that it applies very well to his intention and the structure of the experience of the

Book Reviews Essay

1. To what does the title of the go for refer? Having a detai conduct and well-constructed setting in Packingtown, Chicago, Upton Sinclairs The Jungle back tooth soft be mistaken as a story that has its primal on the setting. Therefore, it is but natural to point out that the title is referring to Packingtown itself. Reading thoroughly into the nourishment back, though, ace is guide to realize that the jungle actu bothy refers to fewthing larger than unspoiled the city where the story happens.Aside from a vivid description of the setting, which greatly resembles the darkness and unhappiness of the jungle, a reader has to note what the characters in the story see to go through. The bracing depicts scenes where characters do constantlyything in their power to survive the cut-throat environment in which they watch in. These scenes point to what the title very refers to the concept of survival of the fittest. Much as the more or less cunning animals in the jungle atomic number 18 those who survive, The Jungle reflects that those who are round virtually reign supreme.2. What is the main point(s) of the keep? wherefore did the reason write it? Did the author achieve his objective? Upton Sinclair wanted to reveal the evils of the meat-packing industry during his snip. barely more than scarcely wanting to abolish the barbarity of the meat industry, Upton Sinclair wanted to take a jab at the evils of capitalism and the meat industry was just a mother for him. be a socialist, the author wanted to show how capitalism is detrimental to the poor as it alone put unmatched acrosss the rich richer.Though Sinclair was not totally flourishing in abandoning capitalism, he was, at the very least, successful in urging the government to take a look at the meat-packing industry and take travel in bettering the said industry. To date, The Jungle remains one of the intimately influential hold ins in the Statesn history. 3. When was the loudness writte n? Is that relevant in this case? The novel was written in 1906, which holds significance as to why the story was written. The setting re face in the novel is one that Upton Sinclair has experienced, urging him to write the take for.4. What do you notice more or less the carriage of the author that would cod led him to write The Jungle? Upton Sinclair was born to a family who once enjoyed aristocratic status but was thrown into the thrust of poverty to struggleds the end of the 1870s. Growing up in a poor environment and hearing stories of the rich modus vivendi from his once wealthy grandparents had its mark on young Sinclair. This contrast between the rich and the poor greatly affected his writings.Aside from this, though, something that led him to write The Jungle was the introduction to the socialist philosophy during his college years. not only did the philosophy in hushed the principles that were apparent in The Jungle, it literally pushed Upton Sinclair into the indust ry he delineated in the novel. Being an avid fan of socialism, the author became a writer for a socialist paper that sent him to investigate the lives of stockyard workers those working in the meatpacking industry included. 5.How well does The Jungle reflect political, urban, business and immigrant life in the States in the early twentieth century? Do you think it is an immaculate reflection? wherefore or why not? Upton Sinclair is ofttimes criticized for his tendency to exaggerate hence, it can be assumed that his portrayal of what was happening in the meat-packing industry is sort of larger-than-life. Assuming that this is legitimate, one can still not deny that The Jungle still is a reflection of the political, urban, business and immigrant life in America during the early twentieth century.Despite whatever embellishments were written in The Jungle, Upton Sinclair still truthfully revealed the atrocities regarding the capitalist society how the immigrants score to fight fo r their lives in order to ensure survival in the city and how the authorities turn a blind eye to industries that have the capacity to pay. 6. What were the problems immigrants faced at the turn of the twentieth century? be those problems still evident? How or how not is that the case? That is, what has changed or not changed in the outlive hundred years for immigrants?The face of immigration in the United States has changed several times in the departed decade. Towards the end of the 19th and during the earlier parts of the 20th centuries, immigrants faced numerous kinds of discrimination. Coming to America under circumstances where the country was riddled with poverty, crime, and disease, the immigrants in this issue were feared and ridiculed. They were seen by the majority as the source of everything bad in American society during that period. Also, the growing number of immigrants has led the U. S. government to take some move to curb the entrance of more people into U.S. s hores. Positive changes have occurred for immigrants as well. The quotas were eventually removed, welcoming more immigrants to fulfill their American dream. Also, the concept of clear ethnicity shifted from scientific evidence to common issueledge making race dependent on social boundaries rather than scientific definitions. 8. What did you equal most and least virtually the support? I could have done without the overly vivid depictions of the meat-packing industry, though I also have to admit that it was those depictions that made the novel deliver an effective message.The feature that the script spoke truthfully of the anomalies in the food industry and urged changes that up to now I am benefitting from is what I loved most nearly it. rarely do we come across a literary piece that affects lives as much. 9. What was the most important and/or interesting thing(s) you learned from indicant the daybook? The most important thing I learned from the book is the beauty of soc ialism and an appreciation for the kind of capitalism that America has at the moment. I also raise it interesting how a literary fiction greatly affected one aspect of corruption in the country.10. Are in that location any other comments you would resembling to make that were not addressed above? Whether or not socialism would have been a better system for the United States is something that we all have to just imagine. I guess despite the evils that capitalism may present, one cannot deny that capitalism is not such a bad thing, considering how much growth it has brought to this country. We all just have to be wary of possible corruptions and act upon these when spotted. QUESTIONS FOR GRAPES OF WRATH 1. Who was John Steinbeck?Why did he write his book? What was thither in the authors background or the time period of the books writing that might have led him to write the book? Living in atomic number 20 most of his life (with just a brief stay in New York), John Steinbeck has be en exposed to the events that went down in Californian history. Grapes of peevishness was a direct result of the happenings that transpired in America during the 1930s. With the Great Depression dawning over the Dust Bowl states of Oklahoma and Texas, many of the farmers migrated to California.Steinbeck was a image as to how California became crowded, making job and food scarce for the migrant farmers who became known as Okies. 3. What is the time period of the books action? The books action occurs mostly in the 1930s mostly 1930s when the migration of the Okies to California and when the discrimination occurred. 4. What were the attractions of California? Are there any parallels today? California was seen as the salvation of the Okies farmers. It was a land that promised fertile lands which equated to jobs.Though California is no farseeinger the agricultural land that it once was, it still is a haunt for people who want to get good employment. Instead of lands to till, Califor nia offers movie studios that equate to jobs for aspiring actors and actresses. 5. What was the opposition to the Okies? Was any of it valid? The local Californians were greatly opposed to the Okies because they saw the migrants as threats wanting to take over the land as they once had over the Mexicans. Though total land domination was not what the Okies intended, 6. When was the book written? Why is that relevant?First published in 1939, Grapes of Wrath was penned in 1938. The time period is relevant as it tells a lot as to why Steinbeck chose the subject matter for the novel. 7. To what does the title of the book refer? Grapes of Wrath refers to the fruits of wrath. John Steinbeck wants to communicate the good thing approximately maintaining a sense of see red towards people who intend to clip your wings or who attempt to trample your dignity. Theres this line in the novel that clearly depicts this as long as fear turn to wrath when fear turns to wrath, self-respect is mainta ined. 9.How well did the book expose what some would call the social ills of the nation? Many have criticized the book to be merely a sentiment rather than a true exposure of the social ills of America during the time of its publication. However, its continuing popularity to date not just with casual readers but with students as well reflects just how effective Steinbeck was in exposing the ills of society. Even though the story was something central to the setting, the morals and themes exposed still rings true at present times, making Grapes of Wrath a truly classic story. 10.Do you think the book is an accurate reflection of America at that time? Why or why not? I guess even with the contention from some Americans, Grapes of Wrath is an accurate reflection of 1930s America. With the Great Depression dawning over America, one cannot blame the people for being selfish and doubtful of other people. And though Steinbecks novel is considered fiction, the stories depicted in it are t hose that have been painted in history books as well. 11. What have been some of the racial criticisms of Steinbeck? Why? In this novel, John Steinbeck focuses on white racism.He mostly deals with a rich white to poor white discrimination. He wanted to paint the discrepancy between the rich and poor at that time. Though he also touched on discrimination of the black Americans in Chapter 19, Why, Jesus, theyre as dangerous as niggers in the South If they ever get together there aint nothin thatll stop em. Steinbeck wanted to reiterate the item that racism exists and that it is still an issue Americans have to address. 12. What does the book hypothesise about the state of socialism or communism in America at that time? What are the authors greatest criticisms of capitalism?Are they valid? Explain. John Steinbeck portrayed America in a state of unrestricted capitalism. His greatest critique of this kind of philosophy is that the haves continually drive the have nots into extreme pov erty. Because of inconsideration and a desire to constantly acquire more wealth, the landowners and bank people deprive the small landowners and share-croppers of the basic needs of survival, such as the case with oranges being spilled with kerosene. Basing on accounts of the Great Depression, one can hypothecate that Steinbeck did paint a realistic picture.Given that, one can say that his criticisms are valid in that they needed attention from the people and action towards change. 13. If the authors points are valid regarding problems depicted in the book, then why werent there more violent uprisings? Violent uprisings were not possible given the fact that most of the poor people have survival as their primary(a) concern. With families starving, small landowners and share-croppers worry more about where their next meal will come from rather than how they can better their lives through insurgency. 14. Do you think Steinbeck support or rejected the New Deal? Explain.Explain what th e book has to say about the effects of technology, both negative and positive. Though the ending of Grapes of Wrath shadows Steinbecks belief that communism may be a better way of living (the breastfeeding scene tells that sharing of resources is a better option as compared to capitalism), I think Steinbeck may have accepted the New Deal in that it aimed to put a tick over capitalism. 15. How did the philosophy of Jim Casey, who some critics say body forth the ideas of Steinbeck more than any other character, fit the philosophy of the New Deal? Jim Casey was the voice of reason in Grapes of Wrath.His philosophy meshes well with the New Deal as it speaks of how Steinbeck wanted structure in the capitalism ruling over America. New Deal streamlines programs that will attempt at balancing the scale that at that time favors the rich and tip it to favor the oppressed. 16. What did you like most and least about the book? Steinbecks novel had too many characters that one needs to keep tra ck of. However, his point of view and manner of narration was effective, making one crave for the pages to come. 17. What was the most important and/or interesting thing(s) you learned from yarn the book?Much like Upton Sinclairs The Jungle, The Grapes of Wrath makes one see into commercialism as not entirely the evil that everyone may lead to believe. Proper control of the businesses and willingness in everyone to help each other out is just what we need to make capitalism work and to have it fair for all involved. 18. Why did some Americans not like the book? Some, if not most, Californians and Oklahomans at the time of publication did not appreciate Grapes of Wrath because of the thinking that they were poorly if not wrongly represented in the novel.They argue that the books depiction of the events were not true to life. 20. Are there any points you would have liked to see developed more in the book? I would have liked to see more of what kind of steps Steinbeck wanted America to partake. It would have been a more effective read had there been more suggestions as to what the citizens or government needed to do to alleviate poverty. 21. Would you recommend this book to others? Why or why not? I would for sure recommend this book to others because I enjoyed reading it. It gave me a look into American history that I never would want to be repeated in present times.Given this, it made me realize what I need to do to prevent history from repeating itself. 22. Are there any other points you would like to make that were not addressed above? I guess all points have been discussed in the above questions. QUESTIONS FOR IN RETROSPECT, The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam 1. Who was Robert McNamara? Why did he write his book? Robert McNamara was the United States 8th Secretary of Defense. The book IN RETROSPECT The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam was born out of his experiences as the Secretary of Defense during the Vietnam struggle. 2.What are topics covered in the book? What is the books time period? Why? After a brief autobiography of his life up to the point when he was ordained by President John F. Kennedy as Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara went on to discuss everything he knew about the Vietnam War. In each chapter, he outlined how America came to a point of deep involvement with South Vietnams fight against succumbing to communism. He detailed JFKs decisions and on to President Lyndon B. Johnsons plans on Vietnam. Since this is mostly about the Vietnam War, the book covers the 1960s. 3.What were the arguments for staying in Vietnam during the 1950s and 60s? JFKs reason for involvement in Vietnam is containment, suppressing communism and ensuring American influence in Asia. When JFK started to withdraw U. S. troops in Vietnam, he was shortly assassinated. When LBJ took over, U. S. troops were still highly visible in Vietnam. On top of pressure for more military support, LBJs reason was that he wanted to retaliate for attacks on the American presence in Vietnam. 4. What does McNamara say are the false assumptions the U. S. had about the Vietnam War in the early and mid 1960s?Being a strong to reckon with, America has falsely assumed that it can single-handedly prevent communism and help South Vietnam fight off the effectiveness of the North. What America failed to see was that it needed the support of other nations regarding the causes being fought in the Vietnam War. Also, America thought South Vietnam needed Americans to fight their war when in fact all they would have needed was mere aid. 5. Why did the U. S. escalate the war in the mid 1960s? The attacks on the U. S. troops at the Tonkin Gulf led to the escalation of the war in 1965.6. What does McNamara say were some of the basic questions we failed to ask and answer in the beginning committing U. S. forces in Vietnam? McNamara listed the following basic questions that we failed to ask ourselves before involving ourselves deeper into the Vietnam War (a ) Was it true that the fall of South Vietnam would trigger the fall of all Southeast Asia? (b) Would that constitute a grave threat to the Wests security? (c) What kind of war conventional or guerrilla might develop? (d) Could we win it with US troops fighting alongside the South Vietnamese?And (d) Should we not know the answers to these questions before deciding whether to commit troops? 7. Why does McNamara feel that a greater U. S. military effort in Vietnam would have been disastrous? McNamara felt that escalating war in Vietnam will have its grave effects mostly because the effort will not be something that the Congress has agreed upon, leading to unrest from the American people. Also, the fact that America has failed to answer the five basic questions prove that America really is yet unready to take things a step further in Vietnam. 8.Are there any lessons from the Vietnam War that might have significance for Americas current policy in Iraq? Though unified agreement on a loo ming war is impossible, America should have learned from Vietnam the lesson that the nation needs to be unified in the causes of a war. Also, America should wholly ready in liner any impending war instead of making head-on collisions without any preparations. 10. What is the most important thing you learned from the book? The book taught me about a period in my countrys time that I was not able to bear witness to.It made me understand as to why Americans had the sentiments about Vietnam and why the alike sentiments are being applied to Iraq. 11. Did you like the book? Why or why not? Though the book was a historic account rather than a fictional stab at past events like the books above, I did enjoy reading it. It also made me look into events that have unfolded as of late. 12. What sources did the author use to make his points? McNamara pointed to his own experiences to drive his point. 13. Does the author achieve what he set out to do?I think Robert McNamara was clean effective in opening the eyes of the nation to the truths about the Vietnam War. The objective was achieved because for the first time, Americans were able to get a perspective from an insider. It was a relief to actually get an admission of the mistakes of the Vietnam War straight from the author of the Vietnam War himself. 14. Are there any points you would have liked to see developed in the book more? I guess the book pretty much covered all bases, especially since we were getting an insiders perspective. 15.What have you learned from reading this book? I have learned that by looking deep into the inner workings of the Vietnam War will prevent America from making the same mistakes over again. Also, I learned that a deliberation of the nations actions will yield better results than making hurried decisions. 16. Would you recommend this book to others? Why or why not? To any American who cares to have a glimpse of one of the most eventful periods of America, I will recommend this book becau se this is a really good insight to the Vietnam War. Also a lot of lessons can be learned from it. 17.Are there any other comments you would like to make that were not addressed above? None, everything has been said above. QUESTIONS FOR THE KITE RUNNER 1. What is the time frame and location of the book? Kite Runner takes us to Afghanistan during the last days of monarchy (1973) into recent times. We also get glimpses of America but the story mostly occurs in Afghanistan. 2. What did you learn about the history of Afghanistan from reading the book? Afghanistans history is very much described by socioeconomic class, with the lower classes having little to almost no hope of moving up the ladder.Discrimination was central to the poor and this discrimination led to uprisings and upheaval of monarchy. I have also learned how the history of Afghanistan was riddled with a lot of turmoil such as civil war and the Soviet invasion. I also got a glimpse of how the Talibans started to try and ta ke control. 3. What did you learn about the Cold War? The Cold War left Afghan in a more turbulent state, having been in the center of two superpowers desire to take over. Having acquired help from Soviet Union, Afghanistan became sort of a target for the U.S. , who saw an opportunity to bring down the communist country. 4. What did you learn about the immigrant experience from reading the book? Did it support or change your views about immigrants? The book supported my view about immigrants. Immigrants are not entirely a trouble to a country, as one may have been led to believe by previous media works. Immigrants, who have as much difficulty leaving their homelands as settling in a new place, can actually contribute something good to the country. ameer, in one hand, lived in America righteously. 5.What part of the book was the most memorable or meaningful to you? For me, the part where ameer tells Sohrab about his father Hassan is the most memorable part of the book. Not only was it emotionally-laden but any child who has had a good relationship with his/her father can denote to it. It proves that bonds within families are the most important of all. 6. Farid (Amirs driver) tells Amir that Amir has always been a tourist in Afghanistan he just didnt know it (page 323). Do you agree or not? Why? Do you think its true for you in your country? I do agree with what Farid told Amir.Amirs story is not a story that tells what a normal Afghan will go through during the time of the storys writing. Amir was born of money, something that only a few Afghans have the privilege of having. I dont think I am like Amir though, because my lifestyle and family stature are what one can describe as being in the middle spectrum of American society. 7. What did you learn about Afghanistan and the Middle East from reading this novel? I learned that the turbulences that we hear in the news of Afghanistan and the Middle East are something that has deep roots in the nations histories . 9.Were you surprised to read about the racial tension between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? Why do you think the oppression existed? Does it have parallels in America? I guess I can say that I was surprised to read about the racial tension between Pashtuns and Hazaras. I think the oppression came from the fact that the majority group (Pashtuns) wanted to happen the minority (Hazaras). This was mainly because they had different beliefs and they wanted one belief to reign supreme. Though in present-day America, this kind of oppression no longer exists, one can recall the kind of racial tension during the American Civil War.10. Did the end of the book express hope for the future? Why or why not? The ending, for me, presented a lot of hope as I think Sohrabs little smile is a step towards achieving better things not only for Sohrab himself but for Afghanistan and the Afghanis. Amir allowing a link of the past and the present and a reversal of roles symbolizes the fact that if one is will ing to give way, things will eventually be better. 11. How did the book get its title? Who was the kite runner? The original kite runner was Hassan.The act of flying a kite expresses controlled freedom as pip is controlled by that string that binds it. 12. What did you like most and least about the book? The book was generally a sad one, painting stories that are almost heart-wrenching. But since it was a book that presents hope and is a book that has great potential to move people into action, I loved reading it. 13. Why did Baba like Ronald Reagan? Why do you think the neighbors disliked the president? Known for his acceptance of immigration, it was but natural that Baba liked Ronald Reagan.The neighbors, though, disliked the president because he was known to have passed policies that sank America into greater poverty. Babas neighbors blamed the president for the oppressed state they were in. 14. Who are the Taliban and how are they portrayed in the book? Do you think the portray al is accurate? The Talibans were portrayed as the bad people, being shown to do random killings and unjust executions. If one is to believe the things being aired in the news, one can say that the portrayal was accurate. Given that the story was written by an Afghan, one may also assume that the portrayal can only ring the truth.15. The book talks a lot about courage. Cite some examples of how courage was displayed. Who do you think was the most courageous character? I think the most courageous character was Hassan. His acts of covering up for Amir and standing up against the Talibans are prime examples of courage. 16. With which character did you feel the greatest attachment? Why? I had the greatest attachment to Hassan. He was a real friend and a real admirable character, making him someone that people easily want to know. enliven let me know if you have any further question.

Life Cycle of Bacteriophage

Life Cycle of Bacteriophage. Bacteriophage Bacteria eating virus is called phage. Life Cycles There ar 2 types of lifecycles that occur in the bacteriophage 1) Lytic Cycle 2) Lysogenic Cycle 1) Lytic Cycle In lytic cycle, virus that is the bacteriophage causes lysis of the host cubicle. It is virulent phage. 2) Lysogenic Cycle In lysogenic cycle, the bacteriophage does non cause lysis of hosts cell. It is avirulent phage. Lytic Cycle. Landing, Penetration and AttachmentTo infect a cell, a virus must offset enter the cell through the blood plasma membrane and (if defer) the cell wall. Viruses do so by either attaching to a receptor on the cells surface or by simple mechanical draw out using tail fibers. Attachment is done with the help of receptors. Control The virus then releases its genetic material (either single- or double-stranded ribonucleic acid or desoxyribonucleic acid) into the cell. In doing this, the cell is infected and can also be targeted by the immune system. Th is parity is called master-slave relation.Biosynthesis The virus nucleic acid uses the host cells machinery to make large amounts of viral components. For DNA viruses, the DNA transcribes itself into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules which are afterwards used to control the cells ribosomes. The first polypeptides that are translated destroy the hosts DNA. In retroviruses , an enzyme called reverse transcriptase translates the viral RNA into DNA, which is then translated again into RNA. Assembly New viruses are formed by the assembly of the different parts of the virus.After approximately 25 minutes, 200 new viruses are formed. Release Bacterial cell burst and the newly formed viruses are released from the host cell. Now, they are ready to attack new bacteria. Lysogenic Cycle. Landing The first step of lysogenic cycle is landing of the virus on the hosts cell. This is done by tail fibers. Attachment It is done with the help of receptors present on the surface of the bacterial cell wall . Penetration For the penetration the tail fibers of the bacteriophage secrete special enzymes for the lysis of bacterial cell wall called, lysozyme. Then by the contraction of tail fibers and sheath viral DNA is injected into bacterial cell. Incorporation Viral DNA after penetration becomes incorporated (inserted) into bacterial DNA. This state is called prophage and this relation is called host-guest relation. Bacterial Division Bacteria divides and the daughter bacterial cell receives the viral DNA. These bacterial cells having viral DNA are resistant to viral attack. Induction During lysogenic cycle when viral DNA detaches from bacterial DNA, and take control over bacterial DNA. Now, lytic cycle begins.

Movie Review of Secret (2007 Taiwanese Film) Essay

Casts* Jay lettuce as Ye Xianglun A music student majoring in piano and lives with his father * Kwai Lun-mei as Lu Xiaoyu A music student who lives with her mother * Anthony Wong Chau-sang as Xiangluns father Xiangluns father and the discip flexure teacher at his school * Alice Tzeng as Qing Yi Xiangluns classmate who is in love with him * Yuhao Zhan as Yu Hao A music student and talented piano player, nicknamed Prince of the piano, he had a piano battle with Xianglun incomprehensible is an amazing movie to look at and to listen to. The film tells a simple just very beautiful love account which is tied amongst past and present. The story, the music, the talent youll factually be amazed and be in love with it when you see it yourself. You cant imagine that it would be magical. Its a unique story, unpredictable and interesting. Whats more interesting is there is more to it than what meets the eye. Careful attention must be paid to all scenes, or else the story wont click and the end wont be as good. Heres the spoil. Ye Xianglun is a budding musical genius whose appearance with piano keys makes him a hit with the ladies, and even the guys, who recognize talent when they see it. Ye arrives at Tanjiang Art School and already hes being watched, but his eyes and heart are immediately stolen by Lu Xiaoyu, an elegant, charming flirt who first happens upon Ye in the schools aged piano room. The devil begin a cute, casual romance thats defined by undercovers.Basically, Lu keeps them, starting with her name, then extending them to other things like where she goes, what she does, and why shes ever absent from class. Since shes so effervescent and attractive, Ye is immediately smitten. Ye has a conundrum too, but Ill give it away his dad is a teacher at the school, and hes played by Anthony Wong in an amusing performance thats vintage Wong. Ye also has some friends at school who arent as amusing, and even qualify as annoying and bothersome. just about of the se characters are played by Chous Taiwanese pop music pals. Since this is a Jay Chou (Ye Xianglun) production (besides starring and directing, he penned the original story and contributed the music), its only understandable that Chou make room for some of his buddiesas well as his pet obsessions, especially music. Ye becomes the class celebrity when he kicks ass in a piano battle, which is as entertaining as it is patently manufactured. Basically, Ye appearfoxes his confrontation on the ivory keys, winning the hearts of the girls and the guys, while still remaining cool and sheepish in that inimitable Ye Xianglun way.Chief among his admirers is the bewitching Qing Yi, who starts to crush on Ye big time. But Ye only has eyes for Lu. Or does he? Despite getting along swimmingly with Ye, Lu soon gets the idea that Ye is two-timing her with Qing. This is referable to your standard crossed wires and mistaken circumstances, but the misinterpreted event is enough to throw a massive cru sh-killing wrench into their puppy love. That would probably be a repelling thing to behold if not for the fact that the relationship up until then was hardly inspiring. Ye Xianglun and Lu Xiaoyu have decent chemistry, but the relationship between their characters never seems that deep. Theres a manufactured quality to the dialogue that makes their supposed love a bit unconvincing, and without more acute emotions the film begins to drag. Sadly, part of this is the fault of Ye Xianglun, the actor. Ye possesses a certain likable charm, but his armorial bearing hardly screams passion. His demeanor is just too remote Ye tries hard, but he cant film a complete range of emotions. Shoring things up, however, is Lu Xiaoyu.When she initially appears, she acts too much like an idealized good girl flirt to be real its like shes some manufactured idea of what perfect high school romance should be. However, as it turns out, theres a designer for her bizarre flirtatious behavior, and as the film divulges more of the hows and whys, Lu is given a chance to convey emotions that prove heartbreaking. Her screen presence is refreshing and her emotions genuinely moving if closed book manages to affect, Lu Xiaoyu is a large reason why. The revelation of the films eponymous secret is what gives Lu the chance to really affect the audience and yet its also when the movie starts to lose its credibility. The mechanism behind the films secret is never known, but the logic of how it works is explained explicitly, such that every incident and action in the film needs to fit a set of rules explained by the characters and depicted by the events themselves. But the film ultimately doesnt adhere to its convictions, eventually twisting events to fit desired emotions and skirting around the rules that theyve laid out for us.The film gives us a denouement, but itsonly touching because it fits some sort of predetermined audience expectation, and not because it surprises or really affects. S ome people may be happy with how Secret ends. But does the film earn its ending? I dont think that it does. At least(prenominal) Secret is a very pretty ride. On artifice alone, the film is aces, serving up beautiful art direction, cinematography and music. Ye Xianglun (Jay Chou) really knows how to compose a tune the films original music is genuinely stirring, and preexisting pieces are well-chosen and evocative of the films innocent romantic mood. Secret serves the senses exceptionally well so much so, that its almost tragic when it ultimately throws logic out the window. Ye Xianglun and company have created a nice bantam valentine, but their desire to give the film more weight eventually leaves it adrift.The film barrels towards its intended goal with little regard for common sense, release the audience with nothing besides the pretty pictures and people to shore it up. Amazingly, that gambit is more successful than not, and Lu Xiaoyu (Kwai Lun-mei) practically drags the film across the finish line herself. Without her the film would probably sink beneath its own self-importance, as its manufactured sheen and occasionally miscalculated choices render the film little more than a superficially gorgeous pure love diversion for teen girls and the boys they drag to the cinema along with them.Thatll probably do just fine for most, since manufactured diversion seems to be a standard expectation for many modern moviegoers. Secret will probably score well with its intended teen audience, especially if they take in the film as a single, one-off experience. Further viewings would only reveal the films holes to be gaping and perhaps intolerable, but upon first glance, Secret is pretty and polished enough to charm. You should watch it too

Compare and Contrast Two Works of Art

Anthony Arteaga Art History Ancient World Homework Assignment 1 Comp atomic number 18 and contrast the subject, concept, and the testis Element of the two works of art. Also, explain which category this work falls in. The two turns I let chosen basin be found on page 200, figure 6-51, Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrians Villa and on page 434, figure 14-8, Battle of the Bird and Serpent. Not still did I choose these gos for their beauty, but also because both works have similar yet different subjects, concepts, and formal component parts. Both of these images have subject subject area that is the same even though theyre different.The subjects for the Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrians Villa are animals centaurs (male and female), tiger, lion, cheetah as well as a pelt and jittery scenery. The subjects for Battle of the Bird and the Serpent are animals peacock, a serpent, and birds in an acorn corner. Both appends are nature based animals that liv e in a world where option of the fittest is reality. The main difference between while one and two is that in piece one centaurs are mythological creatures and in piece two the animals are not fictional.Both pieces have subjects that are the same however their concepts can be perceived as similar but different. Both pieces have themes that can be perceived as alike. The starting situation image is a male centaur raising a boulder over his head to crush a tiger that has intemperately wounded a female centaur. The pelt around his arm suggests he returned from a hunting expedition to find his loved one, either lover or sibling, critically wounded by tether other beasts and his facial expression is that of concern, instead of rage or fury. The concepts in this battle scene are protection, rescue, vengeance, self-defense, and/or survival.I use the word survival because the three feline beasts are animals that need to eat as well. They need to eat like all animals and if there is no prey, then there is no food to survive. The piece piece is a peacock holding a dead serpent in its beak. The concepts in this piece are battle, victory, triumph, and dominance, when one creature overcomes another(prenominal). Our textbook says that this scene is an allegory for Christ (peacock) tricking and overcoming Satan (serpent). The peacock has an expression of being removed to the outcome of the battle. Even though both pieces are nearly battle and bloodshed there are differences in the concept.In the first piece the male centaur is the favored winner of the fight, because of his size, blunt weapon, and his element of surprise. But regardless the outcome, he already lost when the female centaur was killed. Whether he kills or is killed by the remaining felines, the female is gone and he cant bring her back. Unlike the second piece where there is an established winner and loser. Now that Ive discussed the concepts of these two pieces, Id like to talk about their formal elem ents. The formal elements are certain elements that are used to describe the subject or image.The elements are shape, texture, line, color, space, and values. The shapes in piece one can be found in the backdrop as nonrepresentational shapes. There is a triangular stone in one niche and a flat orthogonal stone in the opposite corner. A cheetah is mounted on a cube, ready to pounce. The boulder the centaur holds over his head is rectangular block. The scenery is in the main rigid shapes but the subjects have curves in their tails and muscle tone. The shapes in the second piece can vary. In the peacocks wing, body, thigh, and tail you can see a closed tear- drop shape.There is a row of white circles on the birds neck and two rows of white circles on its wing. The tail has a twitch pattern that matches the leaves on the acorn tree. The serpent has a circular pattern on its belly and a scaly pattern on its backside. There are geometric shapes in both pieces however, the geometric s hapes are primarily secluded to the background in piece one and is inside the subjects body in piece two. In piece two, the shape in the peacocks tail and snakes body is organic. Also, the shapes in the background are fuzzier and false in piece one where the shapes in piece two are sharper and more defined.Another formal element is texture. The first piece, according to the text, is a narration mosaic which is composed of many colored tesserae that were laid down in irregular, curving lines, which effectively imitated painted brushstrokes. The individual tiles are more apparent when viewed closely. This gives the piece a grainy and earthy texture, where it physically looks bumpy. The textbook says it has foreshortening, the illusion created on a flat surface in which figures and objects surface to recede or work out sharply into space.The second piece was drawn with tempera on parchment. This makes the piece look smooth, flat, and two dimensional. The next element is color. The hues in both pieces are relatively earth toned. Both pieces have a low level of saturation. In piece one, the sky is mustard brown with a section of mint unfledged that frames the boulder that the male centaur is holding. The rocky scenery has browns and creams with a dull green and brown center. A bright green patch of pine trees is in the corner that contrasts with the sky and rocks.The colors to the second piece are similar in the sense that it has low saturation. The colors are dull and warm. This piece utilizes reds and oranges, in the serpent, that the first piece does not. Because of the tan background, the green in the peacocks body emboldens the subject. The brown around its tail compliment the blue inside the tail. Lines are another element thats used. The lines in the first piece, which are made of many tiny lines and squares, are jagged and sharp. The sky and earth are divided by a jagged rocky background and the same can be said about the foreground.This creates a sta ge for the battle. There are jagged lines in the sky that frames the boulder being held. This piece has no physical lines that separate the body and background, which makes it look three dimensional. In the second piece, the acorn tree is a line (with branches) that adds to the images depth. There are lines inside the wing, beak, and talons. There is also a dividing line in both the serpent and in the body of the peacock. The physical lines in this piece separate the subjects and background making it look two dimensional and flat.Both pieces use lines to accentuate the subjects but the first piece has lines that are realistic and the second piece uses lines as borders for the subjects which makes it look more animated and less real. The next element that artists will use is space. The first piece has a female centaur lying on the ground with a tiger sprawled over her back end. Male centaur is looming over tiger with the dead lion behind him, both their legs overlapping, which also c reates a three dimensional effect. A cheetah is on a cube in the background ready to pounce. The jagged foreground creates an illusion of a cliffs edge.In the second piece, the acorn tree is crucial for establishing where the subject lies, giving it its depth. The serpent is hanging from the peacocks beak and coils beneath the bird. If the acorn tree was gone then the snake would appear to be free falling in empty space. Both pieces have uses depth, but the first piece appears to be more three dimensional where the second piece appears flat. The final element artists will use is value. The first piece has a dogged to light value in the rocky scenery and in the shading in the animals, which also adds to its three dimensions.The second piece has a dark subject value and light background which contrasts each other. The body of the peacock has a darker green hue but is uniform there is no change in value in the subject. Both pieces have a dark to light value, but the first piece has va riation of shades from one side of the piece to the other and within the subjects themselves. The second piece has dark subjects and a light background. Now that weve discussed the formal elements, the last topic is which category these two pieces are classified as.Certain works of art can be classified as representational, abstraction, and non-objective. The first piece is representational with an abstract background. Because of its hues, shapes, and shading the subjects are portrayed as three dimensional and proportional. Even though a centaur is fictional, it still looks realistic. However, the backgrounds contours and colors are vague making it more abstract. The second piece is abstraction because of its flat appearance, its bold colors, and the shape of the subjects eyes, wings, and tail.The patterns in and around the tail and in the body also adds to its abstraction. The tree in the foreground does not look natural and the birds on the branches are unrealistic. Ive compared a nd contrasted the subjects, concepts, and the Formal Elements of two works of art. Also, I explained which category this work falls in. The two pieces I chose is Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts from Hadrians Villa and Battle of the Bird and Serpent. Both of these pieces have subject matter that can be compared similarly even though theyre different.

Artur Czapla: Manager of MIG-Investments

Arturo qabala is the music director of my big real estate company, c whollyed MIX-elements. He was born on the 23rd February 1985 and has started his career at a very young age. While so far a teenager, he has interned at companies such as Dolomite and also worked at his fathers firm to gain valuable experience. He was admitted to MIX- Investments for the position of a gross revenue representative and has worked his way up to the administrative position over the channel of 3 years. His main responsibilities as a manager include allocating others work and manage his subordinates.Some of the many positive qualities that enable him to perform well at the joke are motivation and consistency. His great organization skills help him make sure that all deadlines are met. Arturo Cabala Is a person who Is Incredibly demanding and expects everyone to put their go around effort Into the tasks they are performing. However, at the same time he can produce friendly relationships with all o f his subordinates. Cabala Is a great worker with a couple of(prenominal) blemishes which are overridden by his Immense assets. Even though he has his flaws, he Is someone highly recommendable. E administrative position over the course of 3 years. His main responsibilities as a the many positive qualities that enable him to perform well at the job are motivation are met. Arturo Cabala is a person who is incredibly demanding and expects everyone to put their best effort into the tasks they are performing. However, at the same time he can maintain friendly relationships with all of his subordinates. Cabala is a great worker with few blemishes which are overridden by his immense assets. Even though he has his flaws, he is someone highly recommendable.Arturo Cabala is the manager of my big real estate company, called MIX-elements. He was born on the 23rd February 1 985 and has started his career at a very young age. While still a teenager, he has interned at companies such as Dolomite and also worked at his fathers firm to gain valuable experience. He was admitted to MIX-elements for the position of a sales representative and has worked his way up to the administrative position over the course of 3 years. His main responsibilities as a manager Include allocating others work and supervising his subordinates.Some of the many positive qualities that enable him to perform well at the Job are motivation and consistency. HIS great organization skills help him make sure that all deadlines are met. Arturo Cabala Is a person who Is Incredibly demanding and expects everyone to put their best effort Into the tasks they are performing. However, at the same time he can maintain friendly relationships with all of his subordinates. Cabala Is a great worker with few blemishes which are overridden by his immense assets. Even though he has his

Immigration, Social Problem

Immigration, A Social conundrum People view that immigration is generally a problem to the economy. Resorbing a negative abstract and a source of taking up valuable resources. The government has kept a social problem amongst the economic dissemble of the immigrants around us. Illegal immigrants, also known as aliens, are still being observed and sight as racial profiling and being noticed as a minority groups still occur. One of which is the uncouth closest to us, Mexico, whom is believed to start controversy to the US citizens as they are believed to create alliance to the Mexican drug war.Even thought there are still immigrants in this county, there are believes that the number of immigrants coming from Mexico to the United States has sharply declined. America is a country based and built by the immigrants. We are all immigrants in this country but it is true that both(prenominal) immigrants hurt the country but in umteen ways it was the immigrants that improved United State s in the first place. Some immigrants are small business owners whom try to survive and live up to the American Dream.Even if some immigrants build the country there are always people who impact the social structure. Now days immigration has become a governmental factor and not observed as a human being struggling to better him or her selves from the life they used to live, these are citizens not criminals. lots of the perception about immigrants triggered by competition at the job market, and pressure on housing market are due to high numbers of in coming immigrants but not necessarily the immigrants government so keenly want to control.The reason why there has been valid and real engage about immigration is because of the unfettered immigration allowed by labor and the obvious failure of their policys in the inner cities. The aspect of letting fewer immigrants in allow for be more(prenominal) manageable and easier to integrate, instead of mass immigration creating disenfranchi sed environment and the immigrant populations cannot possibly make the most from being in the US at this time of low job resources.Over the year it seems that the number of the immigrants coming to the United States from Mexico has been sharply declined which could be do to the lack of jobs, higher risks of border crossing, low resources more risks and so on. Many factors are probably behind the tr set aside but mostly its being believed that the number one thing is the lack of job in United States. It really shows how bad it has become here when people are leaving and others do not want to immigrate. Also believed that people arent immigrating because they cant so far afford the gas, food, utilities, rent, mortgages, one in every seven Americans are on welfare.They come here for work, but people here are losing jobs everyday. In the end the solution to immigration has already occurred, which is the lack of jobs. The immigrants only want to provide better future for there children and I really dont believe that we should stop them from coming over. I immigrated to this country for a better future from a country that was in a war for ten years and animateness in United States has given me a better percentage of survival then if I lived in any other country.

Hunger Games Film Review Essay

The film the Hunger Games gives proscribed a hot, jumpy energy thats irresistible. It has great romance, intensity and suspense. The Hunger Games is a mysterious, intriguing and thrill-seeking movie, its directed by Gary Ross and its based on the novel by Suzanne Collins. The film is set in a place called Panem in an unknown time in the future after the mass final stage of North America. The book starts off in District 12 which is a region that is poor and not as wealthy as other districts entirely is well-known for producing coal. The games is organized and made by the Capitol for the 12 districts that rebelled and did things against the government. So as punishment each year on reaping day one male and effeminate (between the ages of 12-18) are randomly selected from each district, in total there are 24 tributes that are hale to participate in the annual Hunger Games. The Hunger Games is an on-screen event where the selected tributes must fight to the death in a dangerous outs ide arena. The spectacular Jennifer Lawrence acting as Katniss Everdeen gives us a young-bearing(prenominal) warrior outlay cheering and her remarkable partner Josh Hatcherson acts as Peeta Malark, in the beginning the two dont know each other that well but eventually they become close overtime.Its instead obvious that Suzanne Collins didnt get to help out for the film because in my opinion I think lots of parts from the movie were missed out and several bits went wrong so it wasnt as faithful as the book. For example in the novel, some of these deaths are long so it showed the endeavor of some characters in their final moments. For instance, in a scene, Katniss rests and camps not far from a young female tribute that starts a campfire. After the girl is find, she is attacked and nearly killed by some of her associated tributes. But when they notice that shes alive after the attack, Peeta is sent to finish her off. Also when Cato is faced against a group of vicious mutts, he su rvives for several hours before Katniss finally puts him out of his misery. However, in the movie the deaths of the tributes are done quickly. The girl discovered near the campfire was dying rapidly after she was attacked and Catos suffering only went on for a few moments until Katniss killed him. Another example is when the book included mutated versions of late tributes born-again as horrific and atrocious dogs. In the book, Katniss recognizes parts of the former tributes in the mutant dogs but in the film the dogs are nothing more than over-sizedwild beasts.The acting exceeded my expectations, bringing the characters to life. Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss is remarkable, her performance shows a wide range of emotions from happy to sad, horrified to angry and desperate to confused. Josh Hutcherson as Peeta expresses the seriousness and courage of the character well and Liam Hemsworth as Gale shows frightening skill at expressing so much meaning with just small movements. Among th e supporting cast, Woody Harrelson as Haymitch stands out, wonderfully walking the character through an arc from drunken fatalism to bemused curiosity to persistent consignment to his mentees. Donald Sutherland plays President Snow as a deliciously understated villain there is no cackling express feelings or twirled moustache, but only the calm incisive patience of a calculating tyrant. Impressively and disturbingly at the same time, Alexander Ludwig and Isabelle Fuhrman are positively chilling as Cato and Clove, the District 2 tributes dead committed to the bloodthirsty viciousness of the Games a stark contrast to Peeta, whose greatest fear is not death, but selling out to become the mindless monster the Capitol wants him to be. And Lenny Kravitz, too, proves why he was an inspired choice for the simmer down yet influential Cinna.

A Long Walk to Freedom Essay

This extract is an autobiography by Nelson Mandela talking ab emerge the transition from a minuscule undemanding child to a contributing factor in society. The writer engages our sympathy by useful use of vocabulary, various linguistic techniques and through his nostalgic tone. In the title, Long Walk to Freedom, the long, drawn prohibited vowels like ee and o reflects the struggles and difficulties in this exhausting walk. Even the word walk co notates to the, tense up for the attainment of freedom and rights of totally individuals. There is a gradual flow of ideas in this extract which has a considerable impact as it bringing out the growth and understanding through the passage of time. In the beginning, a somber serious mood is created as they f arwell their last links to childhood and mensuration into a wider mature world of adulthood.The speeches, songs and indue-giving portray the African culture the sons of Xhosa keep up just been circumcised again reflecting African customs. Due to this, the writer gains a heady feeling of confidence and his body gestures straighter, taller, firmer effectively illustrate his cozy feeling of pride and satisfaction. Suddenly the gaily colored dreams darken, as the youthfulness adults nowadays have to nervus the rocky reality. There is a sense of clouding of the future as the Chief would give a speech, continuing a tradition. The delivery act like a source of inspiration and encouragement, enlightening the youngsters to the disgruntle society. It is in their hands that the future lyes, and imperative that they be exposed to the reality around them. Calling their sons young healthy and handsome, Meligqili begins his speech in an assertive tone.In addition to this, he also calls them flower of the Xhosa sketching a metaphorical image of budding feel and the true potential and pride of the nation. He shakens the juvenile adults with harsh words naming the ritual an empty, illusory promise. There is a dej ected, deep sense of negation as they have no strength, no power, no control over their receive destiny. Furthermore, their bleak future is ragged reach their rightful position as they are nothing more than slaves in their own country, and tenants in their own soil.The berthter irony behind these juxtaposed words hits us hard, as they are left with no tax or significance in the very own homeland their possession which has been snatched away from them by the albumins. The pungent issue of racism is raised as all South Africans, are a conquered heap. Moreover, in the land of their birth, they suffer the discomfort of shacks and cheap alcohol since they are deprived of their own land to wave and multiply. These lines repeatedly highlight the struggles, injustice and discrimination the unfortunate people endure everyday in their intrinsic soil, but yet not theirs.In addition to this, it is them who cough their lungs out deep in the bowels of the white mans mines. This is the most impactful metaphor and alliteration as it allows us to visualize the inhuman, merciless conditions the people are made to work in, detrimental to their health and all for the robbed treasures of the whites. They have lost every bit of authority or belongingness of their own possessions and rather their energy, labor and efforts are wasted in filling the avariciousness of the white men.Piling up such dreadful, pathetic images, our sympathy and compassion is drawn.We can understand the brutalizing worrying internally and externally torturing these innocent people regularly due to unequalled prosperity. Their abilities, intelligence, are all squandered. The writer uses superlatives like simplest, mindless chores, which show their powerless nature and attempt to eke out a donjon for the white men. Furthermore, the words of the chief are at the peak of disappointment where he wants a mishap to shake Qamata awake and tell him that the flower of Xhosa nation are dying. Their st ate is so helpless that is seems level(p) their God is dozing and he repeats the flower of Xhosa, to underline the youth the future, beauty, innocence and strength of their fading nation.All these dread(a) visions illustrated and the bitter, harsh words of truth leave an undying, unbelievable and undeniable impact on the reader. The words pierce through our ears, almost allowing us to feel the pain. It arouses a number of questions in our minds especially due to the irony, and great sympathy for the Africans. Yet, the young adults are only more and more quiet and more and more angry. By these repeated comparatives, the writer contrasts their present feeling of resentment to their mood of celebration earlier. All the words are slowly seeping in but it only made them rather cross as they estimate the chief was being selfish and stupid, in his abusive comments, since he was not noticing the positive side the whites brought them value of the education and the moral cultures and et iquettes taught by them. Their tender age has almost blinded them to the oppressor behind what they think is the benefactor. In all, the only thing the chief ended up doing was spoiling the proud feelings with wrong headed remarks, for the teenagers.Gradually, the pace slows and on that point is growth of mental maturity and realization as the true meaning of the chiefs words began to seep in Mandelas mind. The real essence of the words had sown a seed to the growth of a potential future, although it had been dormant for a long season. Now, the tables turn as Mandela realizes its him who was the actual ignorant man, not the chief. Adding on to the different metaphorical images is when Mandela watches the river meander on its way. These phrases reflect back to the title and understructure of a long walk which is a route with its curves and junctions. Finally, the river empties into the Indian Ocean, symbolizing his outpour of emotional success as after many miles distant, he sees a vision of success liberty and happiness. Although, this young adult had not yet crossed that river and his future seems very bleak, but he is now ready to face the challenges of life and combat the rocks that hinder his route, with a lot of power, struggle and hard work.His foresight is still limited as he knows little or nothing of the world beyond, that beckoned him. Under these words, the writer expresses how none of them had yet tasted the gift of freedom and independence but right now, for all he k bare-assed, darkness was descending it was sunset already and time for him to prepare. Furthermore, we get a little more idea of the African tradition as it was command to look back while the lodges were burning, probably because we can never go back to the past and store it will only sadden us more and build hesitance to step into a new world.This feeling is even understood as Mandela is unable to resist and looks back at two pyramids of ashes by a large mimosa tree. These a shes metaphorically symbolize the loss and fading away of a beautiful world of childhood and the sweet irresponsible days. There is complete dilemma as, when he looks back, there are only faded ashes and ahead darkness enveloping him. Also the mimosa tree in a way symbolizes the survival of the fittest, as it is a sturdy, giant tree that continuously bears the pain of memories burning by it.After a pause, there is a new picture illustrated now he was a man. There is a deep sense of negation and remorse as never again would he get back those youthful, playful, pernicious days. After many years he has finally become a man but now its like a re-birth to attain independence. All in all, the extract country childhood brings out the first steps of Mandela through inspirational words and encouragement to the celebrated statesman he is now. He is a potent symbol of resistance striving out his life to attain his goal of rejoicing freedom and in this autobiography, he embodies the spirit of dignity and triumph of hope over despair and hatred.