Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the Workplace

Abstract Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis are some of the most pronounced workplace injuries that limit the efficiency of workers. This paper offers a consummate discourse regarding the concept of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It addresses the prevalence of the conditions at the workplace and their management as a way of enhancing efficiency at the workplace. The paper finds that the disastrous effects of the two injuries can be greatly reduced through application of ergonomic principles. Introduction Achieving Workplace Efficiency through the Practice of Ergonomics Effectiveness of the human resource in an organization is a factor of the organizational success. Healthy personnel in an organization contribute immensely to the success of an organiz ation. Moreover, health of the employees is a subset of the work conditions of the workers. Health defines the quality and the quantity of the work input by the workers. In this regard, an organization’s primary obligation is to institute measures of ensuring workers are at their optimal health. Therefore, principles of ergonomics in the workplace should be invariably observed (Konz, 2011). Literature Review Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome hinders the efficiency at the workplace. The condition affects the palm area of the hand leading to numbness. The defect impairs the coordination of the muscle movement in the palm of the hand thereby causing intense pain. Because of the vitiated coordination in the palm region, grasping of objects becomes a grueling affair. Poor muscle coordination also leads to impaired movement of the hands. The fact that the hand achieves 99% of the workplace chores makes the condition a severe affair that must be controlled (Karwowski Sa lvendy, 2011). Epicondylitis Rigorous tasks can render elbows redundant. In addition, overuse of an elbow leads to the development of pain in the human elbow. The tendons and muscles that join the forearm from the exterior parts of the hand may get inflamed because of uncontrolled movement, and lots of force exerted on the muscles.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the arm experiences â€Å"repetitive motions,† the damage may lead to â€Å"Epicondylitis,† or â€Å"Tennis Elbow†. For tasks that involve constant movements at the workplace, the workers are likely to develop Epicondylitis, unless good principles of work safety are adopted (Konz, 2011). Figure 1: Illustration of CTS Source: (Konz, 2011) Figure 2: Illustration of Epicondylitis Source: (Konz, 2011)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ergonomic principles involved with movements Working at proper and comfortable heights Many people may not know that height is a fundamental factor in the determination of safety at the workplace. The inclination of the hand and the palms are very significant factors in ascertaining the safety of the hand. The strain on the functioning of the hand interferes with the muscles and the nerve responses in the hand. The movement can be initiated by poor gravitational inclination of the hand, which necessitates the individual to be wary of the inclination of the arm. Epicondylitis does not occur due to â€Å"positional misjudgment† of the arms, but rather movement. Therefore, the ergonomic principles involved in the management of Tennis Elbow, are fundamentally different from those principles involved in the management of CTS. Poor positioning of the arm and intense force on the palm of the hands due to overstretching induces the condition. Remedying the condition requires the adoption of ergonomic principles that ensure that the hands are kept at a position where stretching is limited. Management of Epicondylitis involves limiting excessive motions of the arm especially when carrying heavy loads. Epicondylitis advances in cases where the work process involves repetitive motion of the arms carrying a heavy load. Repetitive movement and stress Repetitive movement of the arm and the hands is a predisposing factor to the two conditions. The need to shun monotonous movements involving the joints while carrying heavy loads should be emphasized. Workers must be trained on how to limit these movements to evade â€Å"wear† and â€Å"tear† of their joints. Consequently, it is important to avoid strenuous elbow movements to avoid stretching the muscles of the hand beyond their â€Å"elastic limit.† The muscles of the arm should be a ccorded minimal load especially when these muscles are under movement. Cases of Carpal Turner Syndrome require that strain and stress leading to muscles shearing be eliminated. Design of hand tools should consider the template of ergonomic principle in the workplace. Intelligible designation of the tool handles is fundamental to limiting injuries at the workplace. Specifically, the case of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome will be significantly reduced.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From these assertions, it is clear that there is a distinction between the ergonomic principles in the management of CTS and Epicondylitis (Kroemer, Kroemer Elbert, 2001). Why CTS and Epicondylitis continue to be unobserved Poor observation of good work ethics Poor work ethics is a factor that has largely contributed to increased injuries. CTS and Epicondylitis problems are widespread at the workstations as the staffs have ineffective enforcement programs to curb these episodes of injury at the workplace. The paper will briefly shift focus to explore the reason injuries have been associated with CTS and â€Å"Tennis elbow† syndrome continue to be witnessed amongst the workers (Kroemer, Kroemer Elbert, 2001). Rigidity to adopt, and stick to the established ergonomic principles Enforcement of these ergonomic principles has faced ferocious resistance from most workers. Issues like positioning of the arms, the limbs, the back, and even the hands are very critical in the managem ent of the workplace injuries. However, they have invariably been ignored. Workers are severely used to workplace indolence that makes it quite hard for them to adopt these new and effective models of maintaining a healthy life at the work place. Carpal Turner Syndrome continues to be a primary concern for employers despite the training of the staff to restructure their work techniques. As long as a change of attitude is not witnessed at the workplace, management of CTS and Epicondylitis remain a mirage (Kroemer, Kroemer Elbert, 2001). Nature and design of the tools usable in the workplace Occupational health experts have shifted blame on the injuries at the workplace to indigent design of the tools used. Experts attribute 50% of the workplace injuries to the tools that workers use. The designs of these tools are prerequisites for these injuries. Handles of the commonly used tools, for instance, have been â€Å"accused† of enhancing injuries especially cases of CTS (Konz, 20 11). Rigidity by most employers To adopt new technologies to avoid injuries. Good workplace ergonomic strategies include adoption of new industrial technologies that considerably reduce injuries at the workplace. Adoption of new technologies that are comfortable to use and achieve optimal results is essential in handling cases of workplace injuries. Nevertheless, most employers are unwilling to replace the inefficient machines with these highly efficient technologies where injuries are not easily experienced (Konz, 2011). Discussion Structuring of an effective ergonomics plan In an industrial manufacturing setting, rotational duty strategy is crucial. One of the contributing factors to workplace injuries is the fact that some workers are repetitively involved in the same chore. There is a need to rotate the workers to avoid the impact of stress on the same muscle. The following framework is critical in the reduction of â€Å"exposure hours† to the agents of injury (Kroemer, K roemer Elbert, 2001). Figure 3: Illustration of program design for workplace safety in a manufacturing plant Source: (Konz, 2011) Design of tools Flexible design of workplace tools is fundamental for an efficient ergonomics program. To reduce CTS and Epicondylitis, proper handling of tools in the workplace must be encouraged. Purchase evaluation of these tools should be done. Extreme strain on one arm is the root cause of CTS and Epicondylitis. Balanced use of both hands should be encouraged. In addition, a policy framework that requires workers to make use of both their hands should be designed to distribute the strain of work on both arms. Purchase of tools and equipment should be anchored on assessment report by ergonomists. Efficient evaluation of tools must be part of the procurement process while purchasing tools for the company (TrzcielinÃŒ ski, 2013). Workplace screening Konz (2011) proposes an elaborate model of intermittent health screening of workers to assess the effe cts of work on their health. The screening is crucial in establishing if the workers are exposed to injuries. Early interventional measures are significant in managing workplace injuries. Screening of workers assists the management in diagnosing workplace injuries on time. Any establishment of ergonomic programs must be based on research and evaluation. The screening process gives managers an insight into the causes of workplace injuries. A systematic screening program should be instituted to effect early intervention measures for workplace injuries (Alexander Rabourn, 2011). Conclusion and Future Study Workplace injuries are quite common. Epicondylitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome are some of the most common forms of injuries. The study focused on the possible application of ergonomics to establish safer workplaces with regard to these injuries. The study finds that with the help of workers, managements can set up structures that greatly reduce the injuries. For instance screening, and setting up structures approved by experts. Future studies may focus on finding out the extent to which applications of ergonomics contributes towards workplace satisfaction or performance. References Alexander, D., Rabourn, R. (2011). Applied ergonomics. London: Taylor Francis. Karwowski, W., Salvendy, G. (2011). Advances in human factors, ergonomics, and safety in manufacturing and service industries. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Konz, S. (2011). International ergonomics association ergonomics international news and information. Ergonomics, 34 (6): 849-866. Kroemer, K., Kroemer, H., Elbert, K. (2001). Ergonomics: How to design for ease and efficiency. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. TrzcielinÃŒ ski, S. (2013). Advances in ergonomics in manufacturing. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. This research paper on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Epicondylitis at the Workplace was written and submitted by user Taraji Whitfield to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Descartes Discourse

Descartes' first discussion of scientific method is in an unfinished work of 1628 titled Rules for the Direction of the Mind. The first 12 of the planned 36 rules deal with the general aspects of his proposed methodology, and are considered early versions of principles which made their way into his later writings. In 1633 Descartes prepared for publication a work on physics called Le Monde which defended a heliocentric view of the universe. That same year the Catholic Church condemned Galileo's Dialogue (1632). Descartes did not think Galileo's views were prejudicial to religion and he worried that his own views might be censured. Thus he suspended publication of it. In 1637 Descartes published a collection of essays titled Optics, Meterology, and Geometry. Prefaced to these essays was a work titled "Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences." Most of the "Discourse" was written before the 1633 condemnation of Galileo's Dialogue. Howev er, he later added a concluding section which explained that he insisted on publishing, in spite of political risks. The simple reason was that he counted on the public to help confirm his scientific theories. In the Discourse, Descartes offers a method of inquiry quite different from Bacon's. Whereas Bacon advocated induction, Descartes insists on a more deductive approach. Most of the Discourse is autobiographical insofar as it traces Descartes intellectual development and how his method assisted him in his investigations. Descartes realized that he needed to reject much of the teachings of his youth. This raised the question as to exactly how he should proceed in replacing old theories with new ones. He found his answer by observing how old parts of cities are replaced with the new. The more elegant cities are those which are methodically built from scratch, not those which continually renovate old sections. Descartes explains that he had learned a va... Free Essays on Descartes Discourse Free Essays on Descartes Discourse Descartes' first discussion of scientific method is in an unfinished work of 1628 titled Rules for the Direction of the Mind. The first 12 of the planned 36 rules deal with the general aspects of his proposed methodology, and are considered early versions of principles which made their way into his later writings. In 1633 Descartes prepared for publication a work on physics called Le Monde which defended a heliocentric view of the universe. That same year the Catholic Church condemned Galileo's Dialogue (1632). Descartes did not think Galileo's views were prejudicial to religion and he worried that his own views might be censured. Thus he suspended publication of it. In 1637 Descartes published a collection of essays titled Optics, Meterology, and Geometry. Prefaced to these essays was a work titled "Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences." Most of the "Discourse" was written before the 1633 condemnation of Galileo's Dialogue. Howev er, he later added a concluding section which explained that he insisted on publishing, in spite of political risks. The simple reason was that he counted on the public to help confirm his scientific theories. In the Discourse, Descartes offers a method of inquiry quite different from Bacon's. Whereas Bacon advocated induction, Descartes insists on a more deductive approach. Most of the Discourse is autobiographical insofar as it traces Descartes intellectual development and how his method assisted him in his investigations. Descartes realized that he needed to reject much of the teachings of his youth. This raised the question as to exactly how he should proceed in replacing old theories with new ones. He found his answer by observing how old parts of cities are replaced with the new. The more elegant cities are those which are methodically built from scratch, not those which continually renovate old sections. Descartes explains that he had learned a va...

Applied Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Applied Law - Essay Example Some of the U.S. laws include making all information clear to the customer ensures that no information is hidden. The company must be registered by the government, and that the data collected from the users (their personal information) must be used for the purpose it was collected. Laws regarding digital rights and online advertising also apply (Wilson, 2003). Yes, virtual space can be profitable. Targeting as many potential consumers as possible via the internet has now become easy (Wilson, 2003). The business is not restricted to a particular geographical location; instead it is widely spread and reaches to international customers. If the revenue from sales is unsatisfying, then the advertising revenue on the virtual space may cover the costs. Joining ventures with the other similar business and sourcing out for cost-effective products may help too (Wilson, 2003). Not only this, the overheads are also minimized hence it is, indeed, possible to yield a profit from the virtual space. No, I think the considerations would be similar for any business operating online or offline. These include diversification and / or capitalization (Wilson,

Managing Innovation and Creativity at Topman Essay

Managing Innovation and Creativity at Topman - Essay Example One such business is Topman the seller of men’s fashion. Topman is actually a stand-alone fashion business that was started by Peter Robinson in 1978. Topman exclusively caters to men and their stores can be found throughout the United Kingdom. The point that Topman wants to make is to â€Å"provide a new approach to menswear retailing† (Fashion Model Directory, 2011). Their main product offering is men’s fashionable clothes from formal suits to casual styles; they also carry footwear and accessories. Topman states that they have something for any fellow who is looking for something unique and different. Some of the designer clothes they carry includes items by Fred Perry, Licentious, Carolyn Massey, Material Boy, Dexter Wong Ltd. Topman is also interested in collaborating with young designers and they have worked with Markus Lupfer, Peter Jensen, Kim Jones and they have launched their own premium label called, â€Å"Topman Design.† Topman is also collabor ating with Fashion East to produce a menswear event â€Å"MAN† that takes place during London Fashion Week.... Each company creates their own corporate culture and the owners must be able to express their vision for the business to their employees and to their target market. Creativity is also a large part of advertising. The more creative a business owner is in their advertising, the easier it will be to capture the audience they want to capture. Wallas (qtd. in McLeod 2009) states that there are five stages of creativity that are quite relevant to this discussion. The five stages that Wallas described were: 1. Preparation – the individual begins to work on a particular problem and begins to think about the problem. 2. Incubation – the individual continues to think about the problem mentally but does not yet do anything physically about it. 3. Intimation – the creative individual now begins to get ideas about the problem and how they can work with it. 4. Illumination or insight – the creative individual now has some ideas to begin putting on paper or constructing to solve the problem. 5. Verification – the individual finally understands what they need to do in the problem and they begin to consciously do something about it. These five stages seem to imply that creativity is more an unconscious process that comes into consciousness for the individual. This shows how people are inspired to do great things. 1.2 Topman and Creativity Topman has worked hard to differentiate itself from other clothing designers and retailers. It is part of another business called TopShop and both stores cater to men’s fashions. Men can find reasonably proceed apparel that was created by well known designers or by new, up and coming designers.

Organisational Change Case Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisational Change Case Report - Essay Example However, the restructuring process resulted in loss of customer loyalty and negative publicity. In the current study, various models for organisational change have been studied and the best model for Qantas change management has been selected. This model has been used in various applications in order to facilitate better communication and increase motivation as well as employee engagement. The model is also helpful in determining the various strategies through which the business can be improved and made sustainable. Conclusions helped in wrapping up the entire report with important points. Recommendations have been given in terms of the failure of earlier strategies as well as future strategies, which can be an added advantage to the current change management process. Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Critical Evaluation of Diagnostic Models 3 2.1 Open system Model 3 2.2 Congruence Model 4 2.3 Burke-Litwin Model 5 2.4 Choice of Diagnostic Model for Qantas 6 3. Application of selected mod el to Qantas 6 3.1 Application in the formal organizational system 7 3.2 Application in informal organization 8 3.3 Application in Employee management 8 4. Conclusion 9 5. Recommendations 9 References 11 1. Introduction Qantas is an airline carrier in Australia. The airline carries 65 percent share of the domestic market of Australia and around 19 percent of international passengers travelling in and out of the nation. Sydney airport is the major hub (Qantas, 2013a). The company saw a huge decline in their profit margin in the year 2012 when profits went negative (Qantas, 2013b). As a result, the management decided to bring about huge restructuring in their organization as well as strategies. The airline carrier has been involved in organizational restructuring as a result of the increasing economic downturn and loss of revenue. The organization was in news because of its massive reduction in management staffs and employee layoffs as a fundamental review process (Paraskevas, 2006). Through this organizational change management process, the company hopes to cope up with the ongoing economic challenges and revive its organization from the present global financial downturn. The objective of this report is to analyze the change management process occurring in the organization. The study will involve use of various diagnostic tools for organizational change management and identify the tools best suitable for the organization. Literature review as well as organizational practice will be considered while reviewing and identifying recommendations and selecting appropriate methods. 2. Critical Evaluation of Diagnostic Models 2.1 Open system Model It is an organizational model which recognizes that an organization exists in the framework of a bigger environment which affects its performance and in turn also affects the way an organization interacts with the change. According to this model, firms operate within external environment, taking specific inputs and transformin g those using technical and social processes (Sullivan, 2004). The outputs are returned to this environment and used as feedback for firm’s functioning. Open system model can be described on the basis of its various properties described below; Environment: Open system environment involve people and organization exchanging resources and information with the environment.

Vienna in the Classical Period

Vienna in the Classical Period This essay will review the information which justify the question: Why was Vienna such an important cultural centre in classical period? First of all I will refer to the city of Vienna in which a great civilization was developed in the past and actually in classical period. Vienna is characterized as the cultural capital of Europe, until today. In 1918 Vienna was designated the capital of Austria which was one of the four countries which were containing the Multi Empire of Habsburg. Also classical period refers to the period that began around 1750 and ended in 1830. So this essay will provide the cultural development of eighteenth century which took place in Vienna. During the late eighteenth century Vienna attracted composers from across Europe. Composers like Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven were drawn to the city by patronage of Habsburgs who were willing to support the music.  [1]  Furthermore during the eighteenth century, except of the music development, a cultural development in the field of architecture and arts occured. The words elegance, grace, symmetry and restrain are the most suitable words for the tendencies of the music, of art and the architecture of that period.  [2]  Also in classical period a development in theatre and opera style was noticed. Furthermore there is confusion between the words cultural and civilization. Most people believe that, these two words refer to the same thing, but there is a difference, which will be explained bellow, to make sense what is mean by cultural centre. When we talk about civilization we mean the tradition, the customs, the habits, the intellectual and artistic development of particular country or city. It is a way of creating one state in which lives and activates a society, with education. On the other hand cultural is the approach monument of development of previous civilisations as historical objects and also the study of them. Cultural means cultivation and development. It is the knowledge of an object. So that is the difference between civilizations and cultural. When we mention in cultural centre we mean the study of the objects that happened or developed in this particular place and the study of the civilization in this time. So this essay will explain what happened in Vienna in classical period and which areas developed culturally. The Habsburg Empire during the eighteenth century became one of the greatest Dynastic States in Europe and Austria was one of the countries, were consisting the rule of the Habsburg Empire. Since the sixteenth century Vienna had been under the threat of the Turks but in 1685 Austria achieved to defeat the Turks and drove them back to Hungary.  [3]  The territories of the Habsburg Empire were located in eastern and south-central Europe. As David F. Good mentions in his book Vienna was the geographical nucleus centre of the Empire and so the city famed historical importance.  [4]  While Austria was under the Habsburg Crown it was an autonomous state,  [5]  and was ruling in most territories of the Empire. After the death of Charles VI Archduke in October in 1740, his daughter Maria Theresa, who was born in Vienna, took the rule.  [6]  She was regarded as the greatest of the Habsburgs rules.  [7]  When she became empress she was 40 years and led the Austria in a golden era. Maria Theresa spread the education and she introduced 500 public schools. She helped the industry growth and put lower taxes on the products. Thus she improved the economy. She also reformed the army and the legal system. Maria also contributed in the developed of Classical music as it was the main development in that period. Maria and her 16 children performed operas and dances. In 1762, Maria Theresa presented Vienna with the forts performance of Glucks innovation opera Orpheus and Eurydice.  [8]  Joseph II, Marias Theresas was the continuer of her activities, from 1780 until 1790. He was another one zealous reformer, who abolished the selfdom and he secularized the religious properties.  [9]   It is known that when, the economy of a country is going very well and the only occupation of its habitants it is not the struggle of survival, they turn to the development of their civilization. They turn to the development of arts and they are giving importance to education. During the classical period the economy of Austria was going very well and that contributed to be their only concern the cultural development. That made Vienna a cultural centre and wider the capital of Europe. The elements of civilization that were developed in Vienna in classical period were music, the theatre the architecture, and the arts like painting and sculpture. In ancient times the music accompanied the people in their activities, which the most of them were religious. But the ideological difference of Renaissance changed the data. During the eighteenth century music gained its own ground and released from the religiosity. In that period composers from all over the Europe were drawn to Vienna by the patronage of Habsburgs. That period, European music enriched from instruments. Further Vienna could be characterized also as the capital of serious music because it hosted important representatives of the great European traditional. The famous composers all of the time, who were considered as the three monsters of classical period and contributed with their remarkable musical work, to be the city of Vienna such an important cultural centre were Haydn Mozart and Beethoven. Franz Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrou, in Austria he considered as the father of symphony. Additionally it is necessary to mention that in 1797, Haydn became the composer of the Austrian national anthem Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser. In 1803, the city of Vienna gave to Haydn the large golden Salvator -medal, and during the 1804 became an honour citizen of Vienna. After his dead he took the sympathy of Viennese people and they called for his honour his cemetery as the Haydn Park.  [10]   Likewise Mozart, the musical genius born in Salzburg, in Austria. His father, Leopold, as a violin teacher, recognized soon, the musical talent of his son. By the age of 5 Mozart started to compose minuets. His fame as a great musician began by the age of 6, when the family invited from the Empress Maria Theresa in Vienna and there he played piano. Then Mozart started travelling in European countries with high music culture and he was conducting concerts, but he decide to move back to Vienna, because he believed that it was the best place for him to stay. He lived in Vienna many creative and successful years,  [11]  where he became a great concert organizer and a piano virtuoso, a conductor and an important composer. Also he composed many sonatas, strings quartet and operas which still heard until nowadays. In the same way, Beethoven is classified in the list of most famous composers of classical period. He born in Bonn, in Germany, moved to the note musical centre, Vienna with the ambition to be a great and famous composer as Haydn and Mozart.  [12]  The dream of Beethoven became true. He appeared in concerts in Vienna as a pianist, since he established as the city pianist. He also composed remarkable sonatas and symphonies. Beethoven became the first successful freelance of Vienna.  [13]  The musical life works of that composers still hearing until nowadays and the visitors of Vienna go to the capital of classical music to enjoy live that great works. The theatre as well noticed a great development in Austria and especially in Vienna, which became the city of religious drama. During the Middle Ages developed three forms of theatre, the Jesuit drama, the commedia Dell Arte and the Italian Opera. That forms underlie the theatre of eighteenth century and figured the Vienna one of the most attractive theatrical cultures of Europe. The popular theatre appeared for the first time in 1711, with the contribution of Josef Stranitzky who was an improvisational player and led the Karntnerto Theater in Vienna to take over by an Italian company. Stranitzky was instantly supported by the populace. But in the second half of eighteenth century the improvisation gradually started to disappear from the theatrical stage. In the late eighteenth century in 1791, appeared one of the greatest theatrical productions, in Vienna.  [14]   Additionally, during the eighteenth century, Vienna flourished and became a cosmopolitan centre. The architecture of the city was characterized by bulky building which beautified the skyline. Those buildings do not have the style of early medieval buildings but many of those Gothic buildings had the style of older foundations. Let have a look where has its roots the architecture of eighteenth century. During the 1300s the architecture of the churches was based on the Hallenkirche (hall church), which it was German style. The St. Stephans Cathedral, where the famous composer of classical period Haydn performed from his childhood as tenor, has the style of Hallenkirche. In Renaissance other buildings were not built up, because the Turks, who besieged the city periodically from 1529 until the 1680, were allowing only the strength of Viennas fortifications.  [15]   Austrias architects started to produce in the golden age of Austria baroque architecture, when the Leopold I, was ruling. Johan Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, (1656-1723) was an architect, who took elements from the Italianate baroque and tried to approximate them to the Viennese style. He was the architect of Maria Theresas Schonbrum Palace and his work characterized by a restrained and monumental style. The palace has the style of rococo which developed in the early eighteenth century and has similarities with the baroque style. The Schonbrum Palace and the other building of rococo style were gilded stucco with brightly colored frescoes. After Fischer another architect became famous for his design, Johann Lukans von Hildebrand (1668 -1745). The Belvedere Palace of Prince Eugene, designed by Hildebrand with interlocking cubes and a style of slopping mansard roof. So that provides the influence from Fischer von Erlach. Also the Schahwarzenberg Palace in Vienna was designed by Hildebran d.  [16]   The Viennese architects in eighteenth century were using the neoclassical architecture styles. They approximated the classical architect of Greeks and Romans. They used cleaner lines in their designs and squarer. The buildings were bulkier and they had preponderance of columns. Further painting and sculpture remarked a development during the eighteenth century. Bernardo Bellotto, who was a pupil of his uncle famous Painter Venetian, Canalrtto, invited from Maria Theresa to make the city flat with clear light, details and accuracy. Bellottos painting can be characterized as social, historical and artistic documents. Martin van Meysten was another one famous painter of eighteenth century. Meysten composed his cavances with clumsiness and they are overburdened. Those cavances are the best of Austrian courts balls and receptions. In 1730, he became the manager of Fine Arts Academy in Vienna.  [17]   Also the sculpture developed during the classical period in Vienna. There were three famous sculptors who stayed in history for their remarkable works. The first was Georg Raphael Donner, who made the bronzes of the Fountain of Providence in the Neuer Mark and it has life-size. Also Bathasar Permoser created the equestrian statues, which was located in the courtyard of the Belvedere Palace. Further Balthasar Moll was the third famous sculptor and created the double sarcophagus for Maria Theresa and his husband Frances Stephan. Sarcophagus located in the Kapuzinerkirche. Franz Xaver Messerschmidt was a habitant of Vienna and he is famous for his portrait bust. Franz made the portrait of famous representatives as Maria Theresa, of her son Joseph II and others.  [18]   In addition the economic prosperity in Vienna in eighteenth century fostered the conditions of intellectual Rise. Greeks immigrants contributed in this as they created a Greek colony in Vienna when they left from the Greece to escape from the chaos that prevailed in the country at the long of Turkish rule. The ideas of the enlightenment found in Vienna fertile ground. Before the French revolution scholars clergy like Anthimos Gajis, Neofitos Doukas and Constantinos Koumas made Vienna the most important intellectual centre. In that period strong editorial activity at the Greek printings in Vienna was noticed; which were printing books of philosophy, of science of mathematics, of geography pedagogical and also medical books.  [19]   To conclude undoubtedly Vienna developed a great civilization in classical period and was characterised from many people as a cultural centre and as the capital of classical music because activated there the most famous composers all of the times. Fairly, we can give to Vienna these characterizations. In this contributed the great Dynastic, the Habsburg Empire, mainly Maria Theresa and his son Joseph II. It is known that Maria Theresa contributed to the rise and aid of the economy of Vienna, which was not very good, because of the wars conductor in classical period. Maria Theresa was an admirable empress who achieved to strengthen the economy of Vienna by stimulating the industry. She lowered the taxes and she gave importance on the establishment of schools. The cultural development of each nation is based on the education of the people who live in an organized society. Also it is important to refer to the Greeks immigrants who created a colony in Vienna and by this contributed in the rise of Viennas economy. Greeks developed a strong economic activity and they dealt with the commercial and they made Vienna in the eighteenth century a commercial crossroad. Hence, the economy of Vienna was going very well. The civilization found, fertile ground to develop in all aspects and the Vienna became a great intellectual and cultural centre. Finally Vienna, fairly took the title of a cultural centre Because in that city in eighteenth century and especially in classical period, all the aspects of civilization as the music, the architecture, the painting and the sculpture developed. As mentioned before, cultural means the study of an object, the cultivation and the development of a particular place in a particular period. Thus Vienna can be characterised as one of the most important cultural centres in classical period.

A Case Study of the English Language Center :: Research Papers

A Case Study of the English Language Center Three blocks away from the hustle of Market Street, the main thoroughfare of Drexel University's campus, an unassuming building nestles in a quiet neighborhood. The street, lined with narrow sidewalks and trees, gives one a feeling of coziness and safety. Other than the faint sounds of city traffic, tranquility presides over this neighborhood scene. At 229 North 33rd Street stands a long, rectangular, light-colored brick building two stories high. The low green shrubs at the edge of the building and the grassy areas spotted with trees to either side of the entrance give one the sense that this building belongs to the "neighborhood." Looking up at its facade, one would not think that inside this modest structure lies a microscopic view of the world as it could be in the next millennium-a world where countries from all corners of the globe come together in harmony, a non-politicized world where borders, political divisions separating ethnic groups, dissolve and give rise toboundar ies, permeable areas that encourage the acknowledgement of and mutual respect for linguistic and cultural diversity. What is this place? Who are the inhabitants? Walking up the entranceway steps lined with black iron railings, one immediately encounters an outer glass door inscribed with the outline of an umbrella-shaped image encasing the letters AAIEP. Above the umbrella stand the words "American Association for International English Programs (AAIEP)" and underneath, "English Language Center, Foreign Language Center, and ESL Writing Center." These words only begin to frame what goes on inside this building. On the other side of the entranceway lies a safe haven--a place where people from around the globe to come together to learn English, a place where words are transformed into language. But more goes on at 229 North 33rd Street than just the learning of English in the traditional sense of learning a language or the teaching of specific skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. At Drexel's English Language Center (ELC), students learn about American culture as well. While knowledge of vocabulary, syntax, and grammar serve to enhance one's linguistic ability, they do not necessarily promote communicative competence or the appropriate use of language in situations of everyday life. Because the rules and norms of language cannot be separated from culture, developing communicative competence "enables a student to use a language for a wide range of social and expressive purposes" (Schiffrin 323).

Are There More Advantages Than Disadvantages to Living in a House Rather Than in an Apartment?

Many people nowadays face a difficult decision when they buy their own home. The question is whether they should buy a house or an apartment. There would seem to be clear benefits and drawbacks to both options. Perhaps the major advantage of living in a house is the issue of privacy. Typically, there is more opportunity for peace and quiet, if you live in a house. This is particularly the case if it is a detached house. Other significant advantages are that houses are generally more spacious and on the whole have gardens. This is especially important if there is a family so that the children can have a safe environment to play in. If, however, you live in a tower block, then the children may have to play outside on the pavement. There are, of course, negative aspects to living in houses. The greatest of these is that they tend to be more expensive to purchase and to maintain. Indeed, a large majority of people choose to live in apartments because they cannot afford the mortgage to buy a house. Another possible problem is that there are fewer houses in cities than the countryside. So if you like urban life, it may be preferable to live in an apartment. A second reason to avoid living in a house is that there is a greater sense of community to life in an apartment. My conclusion would be that this is a well-balanced issue. There are probably an equal number of pros and cons to making either choice. Ultimately, whether you decide to live in a cottage in the countryside or a duplex in the city depends on your own personality, family and financial circumstances.

Snuck and WH

From Our Readers – Sneak/Snuck and WH From Our Readers Sneak/Snuck and WH From Our Readers Sneak/Snuck and WH By Maeve Maddox Sometimes I get comments via the Contact box that I wish had been posted in the comments for everyone to enjoy. Sneaking up on Snuck Heres what A.G. of Clearwater, Florida had to add: Ah, the wonderful vagaries of the English language! Sneak/sneaked is in line with leak/leaked, peak/peaked, peek/peeked, or reek/reeked. On the other hand, if speak/spoke, why not sneak/snoke? Or, if seek/sought, why not sneak/snought? [shudder] With tongue in cheek, I remain faithfully yours [oh, no, lets not start that one up again!]†¦ Pronouncing Words That Begin with WH Maria Cypher, she who inspired the WH post, sent the following link to a map that shows where clusters of [hw] speakers practice their funny pronunciations. Map showing [hw] pronunciations. Note the dot in the center of Arkansas. Thats where [hwer] I grew up. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†What Is a Doctor?

Long Island and Sac south Essay

Long Island and Sac south Essay Long Island and Sac south Essay SBU Transit Map - Service Level B, C & D A B D C E G F To Stony Brook Village .R. L.I.R 25A No 1 P d Ci Cir Natural Meadow Softball cle Recreation Fields ad Varsity Tennis Courts Circl e Ro ad Kenneth P. LaValle Athletic Stadium 3 Gym Roa d n S. Toll Drive Joh Van de Graaff Accelerator Math Tower e John S. Toll Dr iv T No West Apartment B Complex A Driv e Circ Roth Quad le R oad Keller College Drive velt Greeley College Bioengineering Laufer Center e Driv er i ng En gin e Stimson College Cardozo College Centers for Molecular Medicine Life Sciences (CMM) Health Sciences Garage Underpass Gershwin College P SCAN Center STONY BROOK MEDICINE Health Sciences Tower Roose E 5 Toscanini College Tabler Quad SBU Transit (631)632-6418 SBU Parking (631)632-AUTO Email: transportation@stonybrook.edu Hospital Main Entrance Chapin Commons Hand College D ler Tab rive Ashley Schiff Preserve r Drive Douglass College Marburge Sanger College Emergency Entrance Hospital Circle Road Sports Court Tabler Center www.stonybrook.edu/transportation Basic Sciences Tower Whitman College Roth Cafà © L.I. High Technology Incubator rive l beRoosevelt Quad D C A c a d e m i c Ye a r Effective 2012-2013 Main Entrances Hilton Garden Inn (under construction) Social and Behavioral Sciences (SBS) Hendrix College Mount College /4 es D We st Nobel Halls Yang Lauterbur Hall Hall 1 ienc h Sc Healt Wagner College West Apartment Complex E F Heavy Engineering Dreiser College Chapin Apartments Hospital Parking Garage P ts R Patrio P SOUTH CAMPUS Dutchess Hall University Police d g Edmund D. Pelle P P iences Health Sc STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION & PARKING OPERATIONS Endeavour Hall We are dedicated to satisfying our customers with efficient and convenient transportation and parking services in support of the diverse missions of the University. South Entrances riv hD ut So Marburger Drive Rockland Westchester Hall Hall Sullivan Hall School of Dental Medicine Drive e Discovery Hall P ad Ro L.I. State Veterans Home Pain Management Center Challenger Hall Marine Sciences Research Center o rin P oad Ambulatory Surgery Center ad Suffolk Hall Cancer Center Imaging Center Ro Roa Putnam Hall olls 6 Broo k Carol M. Baldwin Breast Care Center Dana Hall Nic Nassau Hall Stony Stony Brook University SBU Transit Map ad H G G Kelly Dewey Cafà © College West Drive Schomburg Apartments 0 Point of Woods Bldgs. Drive lls Ro B Sports Court Administration Parking Garage Ken ny Nico I Humanities Educational Communications u mp P Center Ca Light (ECC) Javits Engineering Lecture Engineering New Center Computer Computing Science Center (under construction) Computer Science Hamilton College Kelly Quad Baruch College P oad . .R I.R B e riv sD SBU Bike Storage Lockers Mile le R Ke P Drive Eisenhower College Schick College L. Shir ley A Psychology B Student Activities Center (SAC) BL CAMPUS ACADEMIC MALL EEarth and d Sp Spa SSpace pacc Sciences (EESS) (ESS) MAIN Frank Melville Jr. Memorial Library Old Chemistry Harriman Hall Charles B. Wang Center Staller Center for the Arts SBU Bike Share Stations Circ 4 Chemistry B P Red Dragon Labyrinth Administration 25A Primary N Transfer Stop Irving College Gray College Stony Brook Union Campus Recreation Center P Physics Simons Center Service Group P P Central Services (Receiving) CoGen Plant lly Mendelsohn Quad P Sports Complex Central Stores (Warehouse) O’Neill College Ammann College Outdoor Basketball Courts P James College Student Health Center 25A Soccer Practice Field SBU Transit Stop with Suffolk Transit Connection Benedict College H Quad Lacrosse Practice Field Circle Road Track Practice Field BL Benedict Road Langmuir College Recreation Tennis Courts P Stadium ad Sports Court Soccer Practice Field SBU Transit

Martin Luther King Jr I have a dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Martin Luther King Jr I have a dream - Essay Example While his oratory skills are legendary, how did King establish credibility with this particular audience? By invoking Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation, he reminds the audience of its history and the promises still to be realized. He also discusses how the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence address the rights of every American, not just certain segments of the population. By doing so, he unites his audience with a common cause that reflects on every citizen. From the standpoint of establishing character, it is clear that he is passionate about the subject and pulls the audience in with both the poetry and practical approach of his words. He gains their respect by addressing the reasonable points of his argument and reminding them that change must be found on â€Å"the high plane of dignity and discipline.† The speech is very charismatic, evident by the way in which the audience responds to King’s words. Eye to eye with the audience, his command is powerful; it is indeed like a minister speaking to his congregation. As the speech progresses with greater energy and rhythm, the audience is engaged in an almost shared religious experience. King appeals to the audience both emotionally and intellectually. He tells them that the struggle for equality involves everyone. By reminding his audience that we are all bound together and referencing various parts of the country, he strengthens his argument. When he says â€Å"We cannot walk alone,† King is reinforcing a sense of community and faith in the goodness of Man. Therefore, he makes those that disagree seem divisive and beholden to the past. I believe his main point involves taking the lessons--and promises--of the past and using them to build a future that has no regard for the color of one’s skin. Speaking of hardships, unity and hope, he makes clear the urgency of his

Week6 discussions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week6 discussions - Article Example The Net Operating Loss occurs under various specific rules. First, the amount is carried back to two preceding tax years and applied against all the taxable incomes. Subsequently, this move gives rise to a tax rebate. Conversely, an individual or company can carry forward the amount to the next twenty years, applying it to all the possible taxable incomes. Noteworthy, the NOL becomes obsolete after the elapsing of the twenty years (Freitag, & Tax Management Inc., 2010). Therefore, the timing of an NOL should be very strategic in a bid to attain the highest tax benefit. From intensive deliberations in the e-activity, I would highly recommend that one should apply the Net Operating Loss in the earliest period possible. Substantially, this move will make more financial sense due to the favorable time value of money as opposed to the future unpredictable value of money. In this regard, a taxpayer will undoubtedly reap the highest tax benefit from a comparative aspect. In the event where a taxpayer will mix pleasure and business travel, a tax break will be evident. All the leisure expenses incurred during travel for work should be justified as business expenses. The biggest deduction error made by taxpayers subjected to auditing is the lack of accurate and well-dated receipts and events. Such confusions make it almost impossible for a validation from the IRS. Additionally, a big deduction mistake can occur when a taxpayer mixes business with pleasure by the subsequent use of the business telephone for private uses. With intensive scrutiny, the IRS would not validate such